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De Bruijn Digraph




The vertices of the de Bruijn digraph B(n,m) are all possible words of length m-1 chosen from an alphabet of size n.

B(n,m) has n^{m} edges consisting of each possible word of length m from an alphabet of size n. The edge a_1a_2\dots a_n connects the vertex a_1a_2\dots a_{n-1} to the vertex a_2a_3\dots a_n.

For example, B(2,4) could be drawn as:

Notice that an Euler Cycle on B(n,m) represents a shortest sequence of characters from an alphabet of size n that includes every possible subsequence of m characters. For example, the sequence 000011110010101000 includes all 4- Bit subsequences. Any de Bruijn digraph must have an Euler cycle, since each vertex has In Degree and out degree of m.