Information About

Cynghanedd





FORMS OF CYNGHANEDD


The examples below are from the poem '' Cywydd y Cedor '', by the fourteenth-century bard Gwerful Mechain . The caesuras are marked with slashes ("/") and rhyming parts are marked in bold. Note that Dd, Ll and Ch are counted as single consonants in the Welsh Alphabet .


Cynghanedd groes ("cross-harmony")


All consonants which appear in the line before the Caesura must be repeated after it, in the same order. For example:

clawdd i ddal / cal ddwy ddwylaw
CL Dd Dd L / C L Dd Dd L


Cynghanedd draws (also "cross-harmony")


Like cynghanedd groes, except only some of the consonants are repeated. For example:

dabl y gerdd / a'i dwbl o goch
D BL G RDd D BL G Ch


Cynghanedd sain ("sound-harmony")


The line has two caesuras, and thus has three parts. The first and second parts Rhyme ; the consonants of the second part are repeated in the third part. For example:

pant yw hwy / na llwy / na llaw
/ N Ll / N Ll


Cynghanedd lusg ("drag-harmony")


The first accented syllable in the line rhymes with the second-to-last syllable of the line. For example:

duw er ei radd / a'i addef,,


BIBLIOGRAPHY

  • Hopwood, Mererid (2004), '' Singing in chains: listening to Welsh verse.'' Llandysul : Gomer. ISBN 1843234025.



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