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Curtis Mayfield ( June 3 , 1942 – December 26 , 1999 ) was an American Soul , Funk and R&B singer, songwriter and guitarist probably best known for his Soundtrack to the Blaxploitation film '' Superfly .'' BIOGRAPHY Early years and the Impressions Born in Chicago, Illinois , Mayfield attended Roosevelt High School, where he came to prominence as lead singer and songwriter for The Impressions , then went on to a successful solo career. Perhaps most notably, Mayfield was among the first of a new wave of mainstream African-American R&B performing artists and composers who injected social commentary into their work. This "message music" became extremely popular during the period of political ferment and social upheaval of the 1960s and '70s. Mayfield taught himself how to play guitar, and by instinct he tuned the guitar to the black keys of the piano, which gave him the distinctive open F-sharp tuning -- F#, A#, C#, F#, A#, F# -- that he used throughout his career. Mayfield's career began in , Mayfield became lead singer, frequently composing for the band, as well. "Amen", an updated version of an old Gospel tune, was included in the soundtrack of 1963 MGM film ''Lilies of the Field'', which starred Sidney Poitier . The Impressions reached the height of their popularity in the mid to late 1960s, with a string of Mayfield compositions that included "Keep On Pushin'", " People Get Ready ", "Choice of Colors", "This is My Country", and "We People Who Are Darker than Blue." Mayfield's " We're A Winner " became an anthem of the Black Power and Black Pride movements when it was released in late 1967. Solo career In 1970 , Mayfield left The Impressions and began a solo career, founding the Independent Record Label Curtom Records . Curtom would go on to release most of Mayfield's landmark 1970s records, as well as records by the Impressions, Leroy Hutson , The Staple Singers , and Mavis Staples , and Baby Huey And The Babysitters , a group which at the time included Chaka Khan . Many of these records were also produced by Mayfield. The commercial and critical peak of his solo career came with his 1972 album '' Superfly '', the soundtrack to the Blaxploitation Film of the same name, and one of the most influential Albums in history. Mayfield's lyrics included hard-hitting commentary on the state of affairs in black, urban Ghetto s at the time, previously unheard of in Blaxploitation films. Bob Donat (1972), wrote in '' Rolling Stone '' that while the film's message "was diluted by schizoid cross purposes" because it "glamorizes machismo-cocaine consciousness... the anti-drug message on soundtrack is far stronger and more definite than in the film." Along with Marvin Gaye 's '' What's Going On '' and Stevie Wonder 's '' Innervisions '', this album ushered in a new socially conscious, Funky style of popular Soul Music . ''Superfly's'' success lead to Mayfield being tapped for two more blaxploitation soundtracks, which he wrote and produced while having others perform the vocals. Gladys Knight & The Pips recorded Mayfield's soundtrack for '' Claudine '' in 1974 , while Aretha Franklin recorded the soundtrack for '' Sparkle '' in 1976 . Later years Mayfield was active throughout the 1970s and 1980s, though he had a somewhat lower public profile. On August 13 , 1990 , Mayfield was paralyzed from the neck down after stage lighting equipment fell on him at a concert in Brooklyn, New York . This tragedy set him back, but Mayfield forged ahead. He was unable to play guitar, but he wrote, sang and directed the recording of his comeback ''New World Order.'' Mayfield's vocals were painstakingly recorded, usually line-by-line. In February 1998 , he had to have his right leg amputated due to Diabetes . Mayfield died on December 26 , 1999 in Roswell, Georgia . As a member of The Impressions, Mayfield was posthumously inducted into the Vocal Group Hall Of Fame in 2003 . LEGACY Mayfield is remembered for his introduction of social consciousness into R&B and for pioneering the funk style in the 1970's. Many of his recordings with the Impressions became anthems of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960's, and his most famous album, "Superfly", is regarded as an all-time great (#69 on Rolling Stone's List Of The 500 Greatest Albums ). His distinctive, hard guitar riffs influenced the development of funk; he is also regarded as influencing other landmark albums, like Herbie Hancock's Head Hunters . One magazine notes, "eulogies...have treated him...as a sort of secular saint--rather like an American Bob Marley". That noted, he is not as well-known as contemporaries like Marvin Gaye , Stevie Wonder , or James Brown , perhaps because of their more consistent streams of hits or more mainstream style of music. Nevertheless, he is still highly regarded for his numerous innovations in the 1960s and 1970s and for his unique style of music, perhaps best described as "black psychedelia...remarkable for the scope of its social awareness". DISCOGRAPHY
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