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The constitution of Bangladesh is the supreme law in Bangladesh . HISTORY Following the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 , Bangladesh became independent on December 16 , 1971 . After the independence, the first constituent assembly was formed by the lawmakers from Awami League who were previously elected in East Pakistan provincial assembly in the Pakistani election of 1970 . The constitution of Bangladesh was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 4 November , 1972 . It came into effect from 16 December , 1972 , on the first anniversary of the victory day. ARTICLES The constitution of Bangladesh is divided into 11 parts, which are further subdivided into 153 articles. In addition, there are 4 schedules. Preamble Part I: The Republic This section defines the nature of the country, its state religion and other national issues. According to it, Peoples Republic of Bangladesh is a unitary republic consisting of the territories of the former East Pakistan and also included territories (some enclaves exchanged with India ). The state religion is Islam , but all other religions can be practised in peace and harmony. The state language is Bangla and the national anthem is the first ten line of the song Amar Shonar Bangla written by Rabindranath Tagore . The national flag is a red circle on a green background. The national emblem is the national flower Shapla (nympoea-nouchali) resting on water, having on each side and ear of paddy and being surmounted by three connected leaves of jute with two stars on each side of the leaves. This section also mandates that the portrait of prime minister must be displayed in all government, semi-government and autonomous offices. The capital of the country is Dhaka . The citizens are to be known as Bangladeshi s. Finally Part I asserts that all power belong to the people and the constitution, being the supreme law of the country, will supersede any other laws and regulations. Part II: Fundamental principles of state policy This part describes the fundamental principles. The original , Nationalism , Democracy and Socialism (meaning economic and social justice for all). However, later amendments replaced Secularity with ''Absolute trust and faith in the Almighty Allah ''. Part II's article 9, 10, and 11 declares the rights of the people. Article 9 provides guidelines for quotas for the underrepresented communities, women, and peasants. Article 10 states the equal rights of women. Article 11 states that Bangladesh would be a democracy, with guaranteed human rights. Article 13, 14, 15, and 16 deal with principal of ownership, emancipation of workers and peasants, provision of basic necessities, and rural development. Article 17 states that the basic education will be free and compulsory for all children. The remaining articles (18-25) provide various guarantees for public health and morality, equality of opportunity, work as a right and duty, duties of citizens and of public servants, separation of Judiciary from the executive, national culture, national monuments, and promotion of international peace, security and solidarity, respectively. Part III: Fundamental rights Part IV: The Executive Chapter I - The President Chapter II - The Prime Minister and the Cabinet Chapter II A - Non-Party Caretaker Government Chapter III - Local Government Chapter V - The Attorney General Part V: The Legislature Chapter I - Parliament Chapter II- Legislative and financial procedures Chapter III - Ordinance Making Power Part VI: The Judiciary Chapter I - The Supreme Court Chapter II - Subordinate Courts Chapter III - Administrative Tribunals Part VIA: the National Party - {Link without Title} Part VII: elections Part VIII: the comptroller and auditor-general Part IX: the services of Bangladesh Chapter I - services Chapter II - public service commissions Part IXA: emergency provisions Part X: amendment of the constitution Part XI: miscellaneous Schedules First schedule - laws effective notwithstanding other provisions Second schedule - election of President {Link without Title} Third schedule - oaths and affirmations Fourth schedule - transitional and temporary provisions SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINK |
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