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In 1986 , Chadli Bendjedid modified the constitution in the direction of capitalism, and in 1989 brought in a new constitution, approved in a Referendum by 73% on February 23 , 1989 , which disestablished the ruling party and made no mention of Socialism , while promising "freedom of expression, association, and assembly". In 1996 , it was further modified, allowing the formation of political parties not "founded on a religious, linguistic, racial, sex, corporatist or regional basis" or violating "the fundamental liberties, the fundamental values and components of the national identity, the national unity, the security and integrity of the national territory, the independence of the country and the People’s sovereignty as well as the democratic and republican nature of the State."