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Complex Conjugate




of a Complex Number is given by changing the sign of the imaginary part.
Thus, the conjugate of the complex number z=a+ib (where a and b are Real Number s) can be denoted by:

  • \!\ or \overline{z} = a - ib \!\

  • can also denote the Conjugate Transpose of a matrix A so care must be taken not to confuse notations. If a complex number is treated as a 1 imes 1 vector, the notations are identical.


  • = 3 + 2i, i^--- = -i and 7^---=7.


One usually thinks of complex numbers as points in a plane with a Cartesian Coordinate System . The x-axis contains the real numbers and the y-axis contains the multiples of i. In this view, complex conjugation corresponds to reflection at the ''x''-axis.

In polar form, however, the conjugate of r e^{i \phi} is given by r e^{-i \phi}. This can easily be verified by using Euler's Formula .


PROPERTIES


These properties apply for all complex numbers z and w, unless stated otherwise.

  • = z^--- + w^--- \!\


  • = z^--- w^--- \!\


  • = rac{z^---}{w^---} if w is non-zero


  • = z \!\ if and only if z is real