Communication Models Article Index for
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Information About

Communication Models







There are three models of communication: linear, interactive and transactional. Each model tries to define communication in ways that are easy to understand.





given by

WILBUR SCHRAMM

called Schramm model
The linear model is the most basic because it is largely a one-way street of communication. When
the linear method is being used a sender (initiator and encoder) encodes a message (a stimulus that
provides meaning) that is sent through a channel (a medium through which a message travels, which
can be either written or oral) to a receiver (decodes a message) in an environment of noise
(interference with effective transmission and reception of a message). What the linear model lacks
is feedback, which prohibits a communicator from adjusting or improving their communication style.





Similar to the linear model, the interactive model of communication involves a sender and a
receiver in an environment of noise. Additionally, the interactive model includes feedback (the
receiver’s verbal and non-verbal responses to a message) as well as fields of experience. Fields of
experience encompass our cultural background, ethnicity, geographic location, extent of travel and
other personal experiences. This model is an improvement from the linear model b/c it allows the communicators to evaluate their message and takes into account similarities and differences.




The last and most effective model of communication is the transactional model, it makes the
communicators both the senders and receivers at the same time. Speakers are engaged in a constant
transaction, simultaneously sending and receiving messages. Another aspect of the transactional
model is that it recognizes the effect communication has on its speakers. Messages have two
dimensions, content and relationship. The content dimension is what is actually said while the
relationship dimension explains how the content of the message changes the relationship between the
two individuals communicating.


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