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Twenty four volunteers were required every fortnight during trial periods. The unit advertised in newspapers and magazines for volunteers, who were paid a small amount. A stay at the unit was presented in these advertisements as an unusual holiday opportunity. The volunteers were infected with preparations of cold viruses and typically stayed for ten days. They were housed in small groups of two or three, with each group strictly isolated from the others during the course of the stay. Volunteers were allowed to go out for walks on Salisbury Plain , but residential areas were out of bounds.

Human Coronavirus es, which are responsible for about 10% of common colds, were first isolated from volunteers at the unit in 1965 . The CCU continually recruited volunteers for research into the common cold until its closure in 1989 .

The CCU is sometimes confused with the Health Protection Agency Porton Down at nearby Porton Down , with which it occasionally collaborated but was not officially connected.