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A clothes dryer or '''tumble dryer''' (also spelled ''drier'') is a major household appliance that is used to remove the residual moisture from Clothing and other Textiles , generally shortly after they are cleaned in a Washing or washing/drying machine. Most dryers consist of a rotating Drum through which heated air is circulated. The hot air removes the moisture from the fabric through Evaporation . The drum is rotated relatively slowly in order to create a tumbling effect. In most cases, the drum is belt-driven by an Induction Motor . Spin dryers use centrifugal force to extract water from clothes and are energy efficient. There are generally two classes of rotating dryers: electric and gas. Both of these refer to the method used to raise the temperature of the air flowing through the drum. ELECTRIC DRYERS The electric dryer generally uses a coiled wire that is heated with Electric Current . The amount of electric current is varied to adjust the air temperature. GAS DRYERS The gas dryer employs a gas burner that burns Natural Gas , Propane , or Butane to form a jet of hot gases that are directed into a Venturi chamber, which uses Bernoulli's Principle to pull in ambient air and raise its temperature. The air temperature can be altered by adjusting the size of the gas flame or, more commonly, by merely extinguishing it and relighting it. CONDENSER DRYERS Condenser dryers are ventless and can be either electric or gas. There are two types: water-cooled and air-cooled. Condenser dryers generally have smaller capacity and longer drying times than vented dryers. Models exist which combine a washing machine and a dryer. SPIN DRYERS Spin dryers use centrifugal force to extract water from clothes. They extract more water in two minutes than a gas or electric drum dryer can in twenty saving significant amount of energy. However, they will not completely dry the clothes and must be used with a conventional dryer or clothesline. STATIC Clothes dryers can cause Static Cling , through the Triboelectric Effect . HISTORY Contrary to Internet rumors, the first tumble dryer was not invented by American George T. Sampson . A hand-cranked version was created in 1799 by a Frenchman named Pochon. Sampson's United States Patent (number 476,416), which he received on June 7 , 1892 , was for an improved rack for holding wet clothes near a heat source. Electric tumble dryers appeared in the 20th century. ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY IMPACT Costing about $85 to operate annually, electric dryers use a large portion of home electricity use. This average energy use represents 1,516 lbs of carbon emmission per year. Energy star does not currently rate clothes dryers. EXTERNAL LINKS
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