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theory developed in the early modern period is acknowledged by many scholars to be confusing and increasingly some use the term early modern republicanism to cover this branch of political thought. Classical republicanism is also known as civic humanism, though in certain cases there is a distinction between the two. In modern times ''Classical republicanism'' is usually applied to those who are most concerned about the republican view of the structure of government and varies little from liberalism. Civic humanism is wider in scope and stresses the central role of virtue and republicanism's conception of liberty. Important advocates of civic humanism include Hannah Arendt and John G. A. Pocock (J.G.A. Pocock), while classical republicanism is advocated by figures such as Quentin Skinner and Philip Pettit . Early modern republicanism rejected Monarchism in favour of rule by the people. The notions of what was an ideal republic to classical republicans is still debated. The ideal republic had Mixed Government and was based on the pursuit of Civic Virtue . Most controversial is the classical republican view of Liberty and how, or if, this view differed from that later developed by Liberalism . Traditionally many scholars felt that republicanism was more tilted towards Positive Liberty than liberalism, in recent years this thesis has been challenged. Philip Pettit argues that republican liberty is based upon "non-domination" while liberal liberty is based upon "non-interference." Another view is that liberalism views liberty as pre-social while classical republicans saw true liberty as a product of society. According to asserted, based on Tacitus 's pronouncements in the introduction to the '' Histories '', that republican government made better men, whereas monarchy was inimical to virtue (see Tacitean Studies ). The Florentine ideal developed into the ideology of civic humanism. Classical republicanism remained an important thoery/ ideology in the Enlightenment playing a central role in the thought of Rousseau and Montesquieu . It was also popular among the Founding Fathers of the United States . ''See also'': Florentine Republic SEE ALSO REFERENCES
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