Classical Logic

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Classical Logic

# Law Of The Excluded Middle ;
# Law Of Noncontradiction ;
# Monotonicity Of Entailment and Idempotency Of Entailment ;
# Commutativity Of Conjunction ;
# is dual to another.

In ''Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic: Beyond the Formalism'' Susan Haack divided non-classical logics into Deviant , quasi-deviant, and extended logics.

EXAMPLES OF CLASSICAL LOGICS

. Aristotle explicitly formulated the law of the excluded middle and law of noncontradiction in justifying his system, although these laws cannot be expressed as judgements within the syllogistic framework.

George Boole 's algebraic reformulation of logic, his system of Boolean Logic ;

Gottlob Frege 's Begriffsschrift .

Clarence Irving Lewis 's systems S1-S5 of alethic modal logic.

NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS

Intuitionistic Logic rejects the law of the excluded middle and De Morgan's laws;

Paraconsistent Logic (e.g., Dialetheism and Relevance Logic ) rejects the law of noncontradiction;

Relevance Logic , Linear Logic , and Non-monotonic Logic reject monotonicity of entailment;

Linear Logic rejects idempotency of entailment;

Computability Logic is a semantically constructed formal theory of computability, as opposed to classical logic, which is a formal theory of truth; integrates and extends classical, linear and intuitionistic logics;

Modal Logic extends classical logic with Non-truth-functional ("modal") operators.

REFERENCES

Dov Gabbay , (1994). 'Classical vs non-classical logic'. In D.M. Gabbay, C.J. Hogger, and J.A. Robinson, (Eds), ''Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming'', volume 2, chapter 2.6. Oxford University Press.

Susan Haack , (1996). ''Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic: Beyond the Formalism''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.