| Chinese Armies In The Second Sino-japanese War |
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The Chinese Army fighting against Japanese forces, and their allies, during the ''' Second Sino-Japanese War ''', did so under handicaps both of material weakness, in terms of military technology, and political division between the Kuomintang and Chinese communist forces, with their difficulties only papered over. DEGREE OF SUCCESS Early actions of the war Nevertheless, in their first tentative attacks in Shandong , Hebei and Shanghai , Japanese forces suffered heavy losses, and were repelled by Chinese defensive actions. During the Second Battle Of Shanghai , Japanese forces were nearly defeated by superior Chinese forces and strategy, but were reinforced. The determined defence of Nanjing showed Chinese infantry forces with very little equipment destroying the notorious Japanese Army Special Forces units " Shikaya " and " Kisarazu ". This was not an isolated case. During the Battle Of Suzhou the Japanese 2nd Corps suffered some 30,000 casualties. In the Battle Of Wuhan , 100 Japanese aircraft were shot down, many Japanese Patrol Boat s sank, and Japanese land forces suffered further casualties. During the First Battle Of Changsa , large numbers of Japanese infantry were killed by Chinese forces. After the outbreak of WWII General Chu Teh , Commander-in-Chief of the Communist Army, published a message to the nation on July 7 , 1942 . He commented, "Why, your 8th Route Army has not received money or munitions of government in three years!" The 8th and New 4th Route Armies in 1941–1942 had to combat more than 24 Japanese divisions, or 44% of the total Japanese Armed forces dispatched in China; in the same period the 8th Route Army suffered the lowest valued in 23,034 dead and 10,856 wounded and lost 65 high rank officers. These last numbers exposed the ferocity of combat. - General Chu calculated the number of their soldiers that died or were wounded at more than 24,000 Japanese and local collaborators. Their army and the other army together captured a total of 38,985 prisoners along with a great quantity of war equipment. The New 4th had captured 15,721 rifles, 301 machine guns (light and heavy) and many other materials including clothes, food, and medicine. - Other testimonies mentioned about the New 4th Route Communist Army that they "had withstood 231 battles, captured 1,539 rifles, 32 light machine guns, 4 heavy machine guns, 48 sub-machine guns, 50,000 munitions for light weapons, 22,738 occupation Yen money in Japanese bank notes, radios, horses, mules, flags, 200 trucks and railway wagons, 20 km of rail lines, 7 km of roads, 95 bridges, 20 km of electric lines and captured others 38 Japanese officers and 613 collaborationist soldiers and wounded 3,253 of the enemy". - There were a minimum of 234 deaths and 4,231 wounded. Additionally, in collaboration with local residents, they had to eliminate 3,000 bandit armies, which approved the Japanese actions for robbery and sacking villages, some of them with Japanese support. - An example of great combat bravery was the last fight of General Chung Yee , when he and his units joined with other Chinese units and fought to the death against a well-equipped, Japanese-escorted, armored division. All of the Chinese combatants died, but Chung Yee, with two members of his escort, retreated to the forest to find more reinforcements. They encountered the gallant soldiers, dead, fighting against Japanese enemies who pursued, nearby T Suan Tai Chen on May 9 , 1940 . - During May 18 , the General {Link without Title} , his second Commander General Fang Chih-an and the units under their command fought the Japanese Army in the Tsaoyang area. General Chang's Two Regiments were surrounded in the Fengjiang area by 6,000 enemy cavalry and infantry units. This battle lasted eight hours with the defenders suffering horrible losses, and their own commander was wounded in the right arm. Their officers insisted on a strategic retreat; but on the contrary, the Commander ordered the defense of the land, issuing a final stand. He considered why still poses debt with your country. The enemy kept advancing with reinforcements. One shot from a machine gun reached General Chang and wounded one of his officers. Immediately ordered why theirs debt to retreating but didn't liked to leaving your corpse, and said, "I accomplish my debt". Only a few hours later, the General Fang Chih-an encountered the same Japanese force, and then destroyed it. Among the corpses, he encountered the enemy commander. The Japanese radio announcements glorified him and stated that his remains would be sent to Shantung . These announcements commented about "Cavalier traditions" and " Bushido Spirit". The Chinese left the remains of the enemy commander (at the same time of the corpse of Major General Chung Yee) and conducted solemn funerals in Peipei , 50 km from the Capital. When the Japanese discovered this, they sent their bombers to strike the area. When finalizing these attacks, the funerals continued, and Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek conferred high honours to the dead chiefs. In the Generalissimo's Command Office one photo of General Tze-chung remained; why your will stay at finish in calm; similar honours were bestowed upon the General Chung Yee for the part of Chinese supreme commander. - Another valiant commander who fell in combat against the Japanese forces, was General Chang Yun-ee , chief of the Fourth Detachment, during the spring of 1942. - Between the Chinese Winter operations, Japanese forces reported 40,000 dead and wounded. After these actions, there still remained 500,000 Chinese soldiers. - In the Second Changsha battle, the Japanese offensive forces were destroyed by Chinese forces, with great losses to the enemy. During the Japanese retreat, the Chinese pursued and destroyed the rest of the Japanese groups. - During the first Burma Campaign , in the Battle Of Yenangyaung , the entire Japanese 33rd Division was annihilated by a Chinese Expeditionary force. They liberated around 7,000 British prisoners, took roughly 1,000 horses and freed 500 other prisoners, which included American journalists and missionaries captured by the Japanese forces. - After the Battle Of Kweshan , Chinese forces captured 10 soldiers of the Manchukuo Imperial Forces, two 9.3 cm pieces of heavy artillery and one plaque which read "Manufactured in Tokyo, 1940". In Juikwotan , Chinese forces confiscated two American trucks from the Japanese, one of which was still full with new packages of hand grenades. Chinese forces took the grenade packages and one artillery piece. The Chinese general headquarters was filled with Japanese flags, parts for trucks and cars, tools, rifles, pistols, revolvers, munitions, mortars with munitions, covers and raincoats. One secret peasant society, "Hwang Shih Hwei", helped to capture Japanese troops and the equipment mentioned above during combat actions. The Chinese lamented the loss in combat of a young officer Loh Hun-ping , near the enemy position in Miaoerpu , when he guided one offensive group against the enemy. - In the Chekiang-Kiangsi skirmish, Chinese forces rescued some members of the American Doolittle Raid . When arriving to Chekiang, they encountered the Japanese and collaborationist armies. The Chinese forces during intense skirmishes caused approximately 17,000 deaths to enemy forces. - Chinese forces initiated collateral operations and intense guerrilla activities. This impeded Japan's first attempt to organize the great mass of Japanese units needed to form the terrible pincer attack during their planned invasion against Sichuan. The Chinese received indirect aid from the U.S. Navy for the Japanese Navy's defeat in Midway and the U.S. Army in defeating the Japanese Army in the Solomon Islands campaigns; these defeats prevented the Japanese forces from sending adequate reinforcements to the China Mainland for their previously planned invasion of Sichuan, and they lost their control of the sea routes. - Chinese forces joining the " Flying Tigers " destroyed the new Japanese divisions slated to invade Sichuan during the Battle Of Hubei . - In the Battle of Changteh, the Japanese were defeated by the New Fourth Chinese forces, even when the Japanese made terrible chemical warfare strikes against the population and the Chinese forces. End of the war - During the last offensive, Japanese forces were again defeated in North Hupei , West Hunan , Hsihsiaoko , Laohoku , Ninhsiang , Yiyang , Wuyang , Liuchow - Kweilin , Nanning , Kwangsi , and Yuehcheng Shan . - On May 22 , 1945 , Chinese forces took prisoner "17 Japanese officers, 230 soldiers and captured 347 horses, 24 cannons of various caliber, 100 light and heavy machine guns, 1,333 rifles, and 20 tonnes of assorted equipment". - Chinese forces launched massive counter-offensive actions against the last Japanese positions in Canton and Kwangsi. They also took part in other counter-offensives with the Allied Forces in the South China area against the remaining Japanese forces in the area. CHINESE ARMY ARMOURED VEHICLES Chinese Land forces received some vehicles for its armored forces, as follows: Local warlord armored cars designs
From UK
From Poland
From France
From Italy
From Germany
From USSR
From United States
From captured Japanese equipment
CHINESE AIR FORCE Chinese Air Force Units earned many successes. Some accounts of their dogfights, bombings, attacks and other actions are:
Chinese Air Force equipment Weapons of the Chinese air forces: Commander personal transport
Chiang Kai Shek)
Chiang Kai Shek) Fighters
some 50 units of D Version)
Bombers
Land strike
Reconnaissance
General transport/courier
General uses/urgent fighter
Arms of "Flying Tigers"(A.V.G.) Unit
SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
(history of the first Mitsubishi A6M Zero captured by the Chinese) |
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