in Arlington, Virginia, USA]]
A is a Musical Instrument composed of at least 23 cup-shaped Bell s played from a Keyboard using fists and feet (such an instrument with fewer than this number of bells is known as a Chime ). Carillon bells are made of Bell Bronze , approximately 78% copper and 22% tin. Carillons are normally housed in towers ( Campanile s). The carillon has the widest Dynamic Range of any mechanical (non-electric) musical instrument.
The word "carillon" is pronounced , or (transcribed in IPA ), according to the Oxford English Dictionary .
Carillons originated in the , the Netherlands and Northern France , when bell-makers perfected their art by tuning bells at several points so that they could be sounded together to produce concordant Harmonies . The greatest concentration of carillons is still to be found in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the northern regions of France, where they were commonly installed in the grand towers of rich cities as tokens of civic pride and status.
They were usually housed in Church towers, Belfries , or in Municipal buildings, and the same holds true for those carillons that have been installed in other parts of the world since the art of Casting precisely tuned bells was rediscovered in the late 19th Century . In Germany , such a carillon is also called a Glockenspiel .
Since each separate note is produced by an individual bell, a carillon's Musical Range is determined by the number of bells it has. Different names are assigned to instruments based on the number of bells they comprise:
- An instrument with fewer than 23 bells (two Octave s) is considered a Chime , not a carillon.
- Carillons with 23 through 27 bells are referred to as ''two-octave carillons.'' Players of these instruments often use music arranged specifically for their limited range of notes.
- A ''concert carillon'' has a range of at least four octaves (47 bells).
- The carillon with largest range contains 77 bells, or six and a half octaves ( Kirk In The Hills , Bloomfield Hills, Michigan , United States ).
In comparison, standard grand Piano s can play 88 different notes.
The carillonneur, the Musician who plays the carillon, sits in a cabin beneath the bells. The carillonneur presses down, with a loosely closed fist, on a series of Baton -like keys arranged in the same pattern as a piano keyboard.
The keys activate levers and wires that connect directly to the bells' clappers; thus, as with a piano, the carillonneur can vary the intensity of the note according to the force applied to the key.
In addition to the manual keys, the heavier bells are also connected to pedals. These notes can either be played with the hands or the feet.
Noted carillons can be found in the following locations:
- Guelph , Ontario : St George's Church, 1926. 23 bells.
- Hamilton , Ontario : Cathedral of Christ the King, 1933. 23 bells.
- , 1956. 56 bells.
- Niagara Falls , Ontario : Rainbow Tower, 1947. 55 bells.
- carillon, at the Parliament Of Canada , 1927. 53 bells by Gillett & Johnston .
- Ottawa , Ontario : St-Jean-Baptiste Church, 1940. 47 bells, inactive.
- Simcoe , Ontario : Norfolk War Memorial, 1925. 23 bells.
- Toronto , Ontario : Soldiers' Tower at Hart House, University of Toronto, 1927. 51 bells, starting with 23, expanded to 42 in 1952, renovated and enlarged finally in 1975.
- Toronto , Ontario : The CNE Carillon, 1974. 50 bells, inactive.
- . 54 bells. {Link without Title}
- Centennial Carillon, 1967. 62 bells, increased from 49 bells in 1971.
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- Carillon. 47 bells, in the world's tallest carillon tower (125 m), which is part of a Mexican government development bank office complex in the Tlatelolco neighbourhood.
- . 50 bells, gift from the people of the Netherlands, with bells cast by all three major Dutch foundries.
- , 1979. 61 bells, including twelve bells added in 2003 .
- at Historic Bok Sanctuary, completed 1928. 60 bells, by Taylor . Smallest bell 16 pounds, Largest 11 and 1/2 tons, total 62 tons of bell metal. Built as the centerpiece to the Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. designed gardens by editor and philanthropist Edward W. Bok .
- at the chapel of Trinity College , 1932. 49 bells, expanded from 30 bells in 1974. {Link without Title}
- at Middlebury College , completed 1986. 48 bells, originally cast in France, which are regularly played in the late afternoon. Funded by Allen Dragone '50. {Link without Title}
- in Harkness Tower at Yale University , 1922. 54 bells, by Taylor . (originally a chime of 10 bells; additional 44 bells installed 1966).
- . 74 bells, by Gillett & Johnston and Van Bergen in memory of Laura Celestia Spelman Rockefeller . {Link without Title}
- , with bells ranging in size from 6½" to 71" (16.5 to 180 cm).
- , Royal Eijsbouts Bell Foundry and Petit & Fritsen .
- on the campus of McDonogh School . 48 bells, by Petit And Fristen . Weights and sizes range from 24 pounds and a diameter of 7 ½ inches through more than 1.6 tons and 53 inches.
- , 1927. 67 bells.
- tower, 1932. Built with 66 bells (53 notes). After a 1970's renovation, 53 bells.
- . 56 bells installed in 1958 by Paccard .
- and upper 30 by Paccard . Smallest is 13.5 lb, largest is 4 tons, 26 tons total. {Link without Title}
- . 48 bells installed in April, 2002. By Meeks, Watson, And Co. . Smallest is 15.25 lb. largest is 1,344 lb.
- Winston-Salem, North Carolina ; Janet Jeffrey Carlile Harris Carillon in Wait Chapel at Wake Forest University , 1978 and 1981. The last carillon cast by Alfred Paccard . {Link without Title}
- near the Capitol building with 27 bells cast at the Paccard Bell Foundry in Annecy-le-Vieux , France .
- installed in 1963, is the 3rd heaviest in the world. 53 bells by Taylor . {Link without Title}
- installed in 1976, as a gift from England. {Link without Title}
- , 1937
- , Royal Eijsbouts Bell Foundry , 1994. 48 bells.
- , 1899. 50 bells, originally built with 10 bells in 1899, with 26 more added in 1920, another 13 in 1954, and one final bell in 1967 .
- . 55 bells, claims to be tied for the 4th heaviest carillon in the world (43 Tons). {Link without Title}
- . Royal Eijsbouts Bell Foundry ; 60 bells. {Link without Title}
- . 56 bells.
- . 77 bells. Largest carillon in the world in terms of number of bells. {Link without Title}
- . 72 bells, by Gillett & Johnston in memory of Laura Celestia Spelman Rockefeller . {Link without Title}
- was completed around 1966. Its crown contains a 49-bell carillon. {Link without Title}
- . 49 Bells
- , 51 bells, the final Gillett & Johnston carillon installation in North America.
- at the Carillon Historical Park , 1942, 151 feet tall, art moderne style. In memory of the family of Edward A. Deeds . Ohio's largest with 57 bells, it was refurbished in 1988 from an electronic carillon to a traditional, mechanical carillon. The Park's carillonneur performs live carillon concerts every Sunday during June, July and August.
- . The 85 foot tower was dedicated in 1940 to honor Nancy Brown, one of the first advice columnists in the United states. The 49-bell carillon has recently been restored and computer automated. {Link without Title}
- Carillon at Michigan State University , 1928. 49 bells, originally included ten bells, thirteen added in 1935 , 49 today. The tower and carillon were renovated by Royal Eijsbouts Bell Foundry in 1996. {Link without Title}
- .
- houses a carillon on the roof, and carillon console in the library.
- Administration building, includes 43 bells, including bells from Whitechapel, Paccard, and Meeks, Watson, and Co. The carillon was installed in 1976 and was completely refurbished in 2004-2005 by Meeks and Watson. {Link without Title}
- , designed under direction of Arthur Peabody , (1934).
- tower on the campus of Kansas State University features a 98-bell carillon.
- . {Link without Title}
- . Located at the International Peace Garden , they were a gift from Central United Church of Brandon, Manitoba in 1972. The tower was supplied by North Dakota Veterans and dedicated in 1976. {Link without Title}
- of the Mayo Clinic . 56 bells, by Gillett & Johnston and Petit & Fritsen .
- . 48 bells (47 in 1953 and one in 1969), ranging from 19 pounds to 3,850 pounds, by Petit & Fritsen . {Link without Title}
- . {Link without Title}
- . 48 bells, by Royal Eijsbouts Bell Foundry , dedicated in 2002. {Link without Title}
- in Sather Tower at University Of California, Berkeley , 1917. 61 bells, originally 12 bells (a chime), with an additional 49 bells installed in 1978 and 1982.
- , 1975. 52 bells.
- , The carillon and tower were a gift from former University of California regent Philip Boyd and his wife Dorothy. The bells range in weight from 5,091 pounds to 28 pounds and are housed in the bell chamber at the top of the 161 foot high tower. The dedication of the carillon and tower took place on October 2, 1966.
- at University Of California, Santa Barbara .
- at Stanford University , California.
- Douai : 62 bells.
- Pamiers : Cathédrale St.-Antonin. 49 bells, played by students of the local music school. {Link without Title}
- Tourcoing : Cathedral. ~60 bells, plus a carillon museum located in the tower.
- Rome : St. Paul's Within the Walls. 23 bells.
- War Museum. 49 bells.
- Klaipeda : Tower of Central Post Office. 48 bells.
- . 47 bells, 4 octaves to be played automatic or manual.
- . 50 bells. {Link without Title}
- . 48 bells.
- Gdańsk : St. Catherine church. 49 bells.
- Gdańsk : Main Town Hall. 37 bells.
- Mafra : In royal palace. 2 carillons totaling 114 bells.
- Porto : Tower of Clerigos. 49 bells.
- Leiria : Tower of cathedral. 23 bells.
- Alverca : Church. 72 bells.
Wendover Drive Park : Atkinson's Carillon. 23 bells.
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- Wellington : The National War Memorial Carillon. 74 Bells.
- Cast in Bronze: 35 bells. Frank DellaPenna is the founder of this traveling carillon, one of a few in the world. {Link without Title}
Bellmaking is an old art. Carillon bells, which can weigh many tons, can be made in a Foundry by casting or by turning on a Lathe . Campanology is the study of bells — the methods of casting and tuning them, and the art or science of ringing them. Noteworthy foundries around the world include:
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