Information AboutCarbonyl |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT CARBONYL | |
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In Organic Chemistry , a carbonyl group is a Functional Group composed of a Carbon Atom Double-bonded to an Oxygen atom. The term carbonyl can also refer to Carbon Monoxide as a Ligand in an Inorganic or Organometallic complex (e.g. Nickel Carbonyl ); in this situation, carbon is Triple-bonded to oxygen. A carbonyl group characterizes the following types of compounds (where -CO denotes a C=O carbonyl group):
REACTIVITY Oxygen is more Electronegative than carbon, and thus pulls electron density away from carbon to increase the bond's Polarity . Therefore, the carbonyl carbon becomes Electrophilic , and thus more reactive with Nucleophile s. Carbonyl groups can be Reduce d by reaction with Hydride reagents such as NaBH4 and LiAlH4, and by Organometallic reagents such as Organolithium reagents and Grignard Reagent s. Other important reactions include:
α,β-UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are an important class of carbonyl compounds with the general structure Cβ=Cα−C=O. In these compounds the carbonyl group is Conjugated with an Alkene (hence the Adjective Unsaturated ), from which they derive special properties. Examples of unsaturated carbonyls are Acrolein , Mesityl Oxide , Acrylic Acid and Maleic Acid . Unsaturated carbonyls can be prepared in the laboratory in an Aldol Reaction and in the Perkin Reaction . The carbonyl group, be it an Aldehyde or Acid , draws electrons away from the alkene and the alkene group in unsaturated carbonyls are therefore deactived towards an Electrophile such as Bromine or Hydrochloric Acid . As a general rule with unsymmetric electrophiles hydrogen attaches itself at the α position in an Electrophilic Addition . On the other hand, these compounds are activated towards Nucleophile s in Nucleophilic Addition . SPECTROSCOPY
OTHER ORGANIC CARBONYL COMPOUNDS INORGANIC CARBONYL COMPOUNDS SEE ALSO REFERENCES
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