Button

A button is small disc- or knob-shaped object attached to Cloth or an article of Clothing in order to secure an opening, or for Ornament ation. Functional buttons work by slipping the buttons through a fabric or thread loop, or by sliding the button through a slit called a '''buttonhole'''.

Buttons may be manufactured from an extremely broad variety of Material s, including natural materials such as
Antler , Bone , Horn , Ivory , Shell , Vegetable Ivory , and Wood ; or synthetics such as Celluloid , Glass , Metal , and Plastic .

Hard plastic is by the most common material for newly manufactured buttons. The other options tend to occur only in premium apparel.

HISTORY

Buttons and button-like objects used as ornaments rather than fasteners have been discovered in the Ancient Indus Valley during its Kot Diji phase (circa 2800 - 2600 BC ) and Bronze Age sites in China (circa 2000 - 1500 BC ), and are attested in Ancient Rome . Functional buttons for clothing became widespread with the rise of snug-fitting clothing in 13th - and 14th-century Europe .

TYPES OF BUTTONS

Shank Buttons have a small ring or a bar with a hole called the ''' Shank ''' protruding from the back of the button, through which thread is sewn to attach the button.

Covered buttons are fabric-covered forms with a separate back piece that secures the fabric over the knob.

Flat or sew-through buttons have two or four holes punched through the button through which the thread is sewn to attach the button. Flat buttons may be attached by Sewing Machine rather than by hand, and may be used with heavy fabrics by working a ''' Thread Shank ''' to extend the height of the button above the fabric.

Worked or cloth buttons are created by Embroidering or Crochet ing tight stitches (usually with Linen Thread ) over a knob or ring called a ''form''.

Mandarin buttons are knobs made of intricately knotted strings. Mandarin buttons are a key element in Mandarin Dress (''Qi Pao'' in Chinese ), where they are closed with loops. Pairs of mandarin buttons worn as Cuff Link s are called ''silk knots''.

Button sizes

Buttons are commonly measured in Ligne s (also called ''lines'' and abbreviated ''L''), with 40 lignes equal to 1 inch. For example, some standard sizes of buttons are 18L (11.43 mm, standard button of mens' Shirt s) and 32L (20.32 mm, typical button on Suit Jackets ).

TYPES OF BUTTONHOLES

A worked buttonhole has raw (cut) edges finished with hand sewing, usually in a Buttonhole Stitch .

A machine-made buttonhole is usually sewn with two parallel rows of Machine Sewing in a narrow Zig-zag Stitch , with the ends finished in a broader zig-zag stitch.

A bound buttonhole's raw edges are encased in a piece of fabric or Trim .

A keyhole buttonhole is a worked or machine-made buttonhole with a round hole at the end of the slit to accommodate the button's shank without distorting the fabric; keyhole buttonholes are most often found on Tailor ed Coats And Jackets .

A ''bar'' is a row of perpendicular hand or machine stitching to reinforce the ends of a buttonhole.

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Button