Information AboutBoson |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT BOSON | |
| quantum field theory | |
| atomic physics | |
| bosons | |
| fundamental physics concepts | |
| condensed matter physics | |
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In Physics , bosons, named after Satyendra Nath Bose , are particles with Integer Spin . Due to integer spin, bosons obey Bose-Einstein Statistics , one consequence of which is the Bose-Einstein Condensation of particles - in which any number of bosons can share the same Quantum State . This allows Masers and Lasers to operate - all photons in these devices are on the same quantum state. BOSON PROPERTIES All Elementary Particle s are either Bosons or Fermion s (depending on their Spin ). The Spin-statistics Theorem identifies the resulting Quantum Statistics that differentiate fermions and bosons. Interaction of Virtual bosons with real fermions are called Fundamental Interaction s. Momentum conservation in these interactions mathematically results in all forces we know. The bosons involved in these interactions are called Gauge Bosons - such as the W vector bosons of the Weak Force , the Gluon s of the Strong Force , the Photons of the Electromagnetic Force , and (in theory) the Graviton of the Gravitational Force . Particles composed of a number of other particles (such as Proton s or Neutron s or Nuclei ) can be either fermions or bosons, depending on their total spin. Hence, many nuclei are in fact bosons. So even though the main three massive subatomic particles i.e. the proton, neutron, and electron are all fermions, thus even isotopes of the same element can be fermions (3He) and bosons (4He). (3He) is composed of one neutron and two protons Likewise, the deuteron (2H), which is composed of one proton plus one neutron [NP is a boson, while the triton (3H), which is composed of two neutrons plus one proton [NPN] is a fermion. While fermions obey the . The result is that the spectrum of photon gas of certain equilibrium temperature is Planck Spectrum (one example of which is Black-body radiation, another - hot radiation of early Universe seen today as Microwave Background Radiation ). Operation of Laser s, the properties of Superfluid Helium-4 and recent formation of Bose-Einstein Condensate s, a particular State Of Matter are all consequences of statistics of bosons. Of course, the difference between bosonic and fermionic statistics is only apparent at large densities - when their wave functions overlap. At low densities, both types of statistics reduce Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics , so both the boson and fermion particles behave as Classical Particle s. Examples of bosons:
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