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For the punk band from the United States, see The Boat People (US Band) . For the indie pop band from Australia, see The Boat People (Australian Band) . Boat people is a term (usually) referring to impoverished Illegal Immigrant s or Asylum Seekers , who arrive en masse in old or crudely-made Boat s. The term came into common use during the 1970s , with the mass departure of Vietnamese refugees from communist-controlled Vietnam, following the Vietnam War . It is also a widely-used form of Migration or escape for people migrating from Cuba , Haiti , Morocco , Vietnam or Albania . They often risk their lives on dangerously crude and overcrowded boats, to escape oppression or Poverty in their home nations. In 2001, 353 asylum-seekers sailing from Indonesia to Australia drowned, when their Vessel Sank . Many of the political refugees have also been attacked by pirates on the high seas or upon isolated islands, or have been turned away by unsympathetic governments and forced to return. Boat people are frequently a source of controversy in the nation they seek to immigrate to, such as the United States , Canada , Italy , Spain and Australia . Boat people are often forcibly prevented from landing at their destination, such as under Australia's " Pacific Solution ", or they are subjected to Mandatory Detention after their arrival. INDOCHINESE BOAT PEOPLE Events resulting from the Vietnam War led many people in Cambodia , Laos , and especially Vietnam to become refugees in the late 1970s and 1980s , after the Fall Of Saigon . In Cambodia , the genocidal Khmer Rouge regime murdered millions of people in the " Killing Fields " massacres, and many attempted to escape. In Vietnam , the new communist government sent many people who supported the old government in the South to "re-education camps", and others to "new economic zones." These factors, coupled with poverty, caused millions of Vietnamese to flee the country. In 1979, Vietnam was at war ( Sino-Vietnamese War ) with the People's Republic Of China (PRC), and many Ethnic Chinese living in Vietnam, who felt that the government's policies directly targeted them also became "boat people." On the open seas, the boat people had to confront forces of nature, and elude Pirates . Refugee camps The plight of the boat people became an international humanitarian crisis. The UNHCR , under the auspices of the United Nations , set up refugee camps in neighboring countries to process the "boat people" and was awarded the 1981 Nobel Peace Prize for its work. The Orderly Departure Program from 1979 until 1994 was one such program that helped to resettle refugees in the United States. The United States and Vietnam signed an agreement on November 15, 2005 which allows those Vietnamese to immigrate who were not able to do so before the humanitarian program ended in 1994. Hong Kong adopted the "port of first asylum policy," and received over 100,000 of them in the city at its peak in late 1980s. Many refugee camps were set up in its territories. Frequent violent clashes between the boat people and security forces caused public outcry and mounting concerns in the early 1990s since many camps are very close to high density residential areas. The countries that accepted most of these refugees are:
By the mid- 1990s , the number of refugees fleeing from Vietnam had dwindled. Many refugee camps were closed. The market reform of Vietnam, the imminent return of Hong Kong to China by Britain and the financial incentives for voluntary returning to Vietnam caused many boat people to elect to return to Vietnam during the 1990s. Consequently, most remaining asylees voluntarily or were forcibly repatriated, although a very small number (about 2500) were granted residency by the Hong Kong Government in 2002 , marking an end to the Vietnam boat people problem. In 2005, the remaining refugees in the Philippines (around 200) were granted asylum in Canada and the United States. SEE ALSO
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