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The influence of birth order is still an open issue, but some clear patterns have been established. , Conscientiousness , Extraversion , Agreeableness , and Neuroticism . In his book "Born to rebel", and in ongoing research papers, collected several hundred within-family ratings among horticulturalist Shuar Indians in Ecuadorian Amazonia and found nearly identical correlations between the Big Five and birth order among these nonwesternized people (conference presentation: HBES, 2002, Rutgers University). BIRTH ORDER AND INTELLIGENCE BIRTH ORDER AND PERSONALITY Many claim that birth order influences personality. The realm of pop psychology often attributes the following traits to each order: Firstborn The first born child will receive the expectations of his or her parents. Because of this, many firstborns are in danger of acquiring perfectionistic or people-pleasing behaviors. On a more optimistic note, proponents of birth-order theory state that firstborns tend to be quite confident, controlling, diligent and mature. Not all firstborns are over-achievers, but even the most laid-back firstborn is clearly guided by a need to do the right thing and strives to make a difference in society. First born children tend to have a dominant style of personality. Middleborn Middleborn children have a diverse range of personalities. The habits of many middleborns are motivated by the fact that they have never been truly in the spotlight. The first-born always seems to be achieving and pioneering ahead, while the younger sibling is secure in his or her niche as the entertainer of the family. The middle born child may develop great social skills and have an easier time growing up with an other-centered point of view. The middle child knows what he or she is doing and tends to become very intelligent in their efforts to gain attention from siblings. Middle born children are usually quite talented, and their quest for perfection against their siblings can lead them to discover new and unlooked-for qualities, musically, academically, and theoretically. The Youngest The names given to the youngest child is revealing: the youngest child of the family is viewed as the party animal, the entertainer who is unafraid to test his or her luck. While this is certainly not true of all youngest siblings, proponents of this theory state that the baby of the family is an endearing, delightful friend if not too self-centered. ALFRED ADLER'S CONTRIBUTION and Fictional Final Goal . Many researchers, in attempting to prove or disprove the sole effects of birth order, cite the complexity of other influences. REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS
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