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Bezoar




Bezoars were formerly sought after because they were believed to have the power of a universal Antidote against any Poison . It was believed that a drinking glass which contained a bezoar set within would neutralize any poison poured into the glass. The word "bezoar" ultimately comes from the Persian ''pâdzahr'' (پادزهر), which literally means "protection from poison." In fact, some types of trichobezoar are apparently able to precipitate or bind Arsenic compounds (long used as poison) from a solution.

A famous case in the Common Law of England (''Chandelor v. Lopus'', 79 Eng Rep. 3, Cro. Jac. 4, Eng. Ct. Exch. 1603 ) announced the rule of '' Caveat Emptor '', "let the buyer beware" if the goods he purchased are in fact genuine and effective, in a case over a purchaser who sued for the return of the purchase price of an allegedly Fraud ulent bezoar. (How the Plaintiff discovered that the bezoar did not work is unfortunately not discussed in the report.) Judicial Scepticism over the alleged Magical powers of bezoars may well have justified this judgment in this particular case. The ruling, however, was seized on and formed an impediment to the formation of effective Consumer Protection remedies and the law of implied Warranty well into the Nineteenth Century .


BEZOAR PEARLS

In addition to bivalve pearls, there are a group of sacred natural gemstones largely considered bezoar stones, which were first documented in the Garuda Purana , one of the books of Hindu holy text Atharvaveda .

In addition to oyster pearls, also enumerated are the Conch Pearl, Cobra Pearl, Boar Pearl, Elephant Pearl, Bamboo Pearl, Whale Pearl, Fish Pearl, and Cloud Pearl. These pearls were later documented in the treatise Brihat-Samhita ("The Great Compilation") of Varahamihira , the Indian mathematician. The first documented contact with these artifacts by the Western world is described in the sole volume of 18th Century scientist Albertus Seba , entitled Cabinet of Natural Curiosities. Therein, a large collection of bezoar stones and non-oyster pearls were hand-sketched, and the collection of these items were on display in a forum which was the precursor of the modern day museum. Today, the original 446-plate volume, part of the greater work Loccupletissimi Rerum Thesauri Accurata Desceripto, is on permanent exhibit at Koninklijke Biblioteek in The Hague, Netherlands.

While the sacred Nine Pearls of Vedic tradition are typically considered bezoars, the Bamboo Pearl forms in the stem of the Bamboo plant, while others such as the Cloud Pearl have no known formation process.


TYPES OF BEZOARS


  • A trichobezoar is a bezoar formed from Hair - an extreme form of Hairball . Humans who frequently consume hair sometimes require them to be removed.

  • Phytobezoars are composed of nondigestible food material by humans (e.g., cellulose) and is frequently reported in patients with impaired digestion and decreased gastric motility.

  • Pharmacobezoars (or medication bezoars) are mostly tablets or semi-liquid masses of drugs.



Miscellaneous

  • Other types of bezoars are formed from items such as stone or sand, usually in young children.

  • Ox bezoars are used in Chinese Herbology , where they are called Niu-huang.

  • In alchemy, ''animal bezoar'' is the heart and lungs of the viper, pulverized together.

  • In alchemy, ''mineral bezoar'' is an Emetic powder of Antimony , correct with Spirit Of Nitre , and softened by repeated lotions, which were said to carry off the purgative virtue of the antimony, and substitute a Diaphoretic one. It promoted sweat like the stone of the same name.



IN POPULAR CULTURE

  • Bezoars were featured in the .

  • Bezoars have made appearances in fiction ranging from Robert Jordan 's ''Further Chronicles of Conan'' to the more recent '' Harry Potter '' series by J.K. Rowling .

  • The Xbox video game Jade Empire features an item called a "Cow Bezoar" with the following description: "Used to treat conditions of the blood and circulation, a cow bezoar forms only in the stomach of very ill cattle. Cow bezoars are extremely rare, but many seek them for their curative nature."

  • A Darwin Award was awarded to someone who died from a bezoar resulting from compulsively eating her own hair {Link without Title} .



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