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Although many references state that ''Operation Neptune'' refers to the naval operations in support of '' Operation Overlord '', the most reliable references make it clear that ''Overlord'' refers to the establishment of a large-scale '' Lodgement '' in Normandy, and that ''Neptune'' refers to the landing phase which created the beachhead; i.e. ''Neptune'' was the first part of ''Overlord''. According to the D-day museum : "The armed forces use codenames to refer to the planning and execution of specific military operations. Operation Overlord was the codename for the Allied invasion of north-west Europe. The assault phase of Operation Overlord was known as Operation Neptune. (...) Operation Neptune began on D-Day ( 6 June 1944 ) and ended on 30 June 1944 . By this time, the Allies had established a firm foothold in Normandy. Operation Overlord also began on D-Day, and continued until Allied forces crossed the River Seine on 19 August 1944 ." Once an Amphibious Assault starts, victory tends to go to the side which can reinforce the beachhead most quickly. There are exceptions to this rule where the amphibious forces have not expanded from their beachheads quickly enough to create a ''lodgement'' area before the defenders can reinforce their positions. Two famous examples in which the attackers failed to expand their beachheads before the defending side could bring up reinforcements occurred during the Landing At Suvla Bay in the Gallipoli Campaign in World War I , and the Amphibious Landing At Anzio during World War II . An airhead is a designated area in a hostile or threatened territory which, when seized and held, allows the air landing of further troops and Matériel , and provides the maneuver and preparation space necessary for projected operations. Normally it is the area seized in the assault phase of an Airborne Operation . It may also be used as a staging or refueling point for less permanent operations. Typically, an airhead is established by Helicopter -landed or Paratrooper forces, and often will take place at an Airport (to allow conventional transport to land later on) or at a helicopter or Glider -accessible area. The largest airhead in history was established in 1991 by the United States Army during the 80-hour land component of the Persian Gulf War . Other notable airhead operations include Battle Of Crete and Operation Market Garden during World War II , and Operation Just Cause in 1989 . A bridgehead is literally a military Fortification that protects the end of a Bridge that is closest to the enemy. The term has been generalized to mean any kind of defended area that is extended into hostile territory, in particular the area on the farside of a defended river bank or a segment of coastline initially seized by an Amphibious Assault . A bridgehead typically exists for only a few days, the invading forces either being thrown back or expanding the bridgehead to create a Lodgement area before breaking out into open country as happened when the U.S. 9th Armored Division seized the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen in 1945 during World War II . In some cases, such as during the Gallipoli Campaign in World War I , a bridgehead may exist for months. The term has also come to be used in a figurative sense, for instance in Business , where a Marketing "bridgehead" might be a specialized use of a new product in a particular Market Segment , in preparation for selling it against entrenched competitors across an entire market. A lodgement is an enclave made by increasing the size of a Bridgehead , Beachhead or Airhead . Although many references state that '' Operation Neptune '' refers to the naval operations in support of '' Operation Overlord '', the most reliable references make it clear that ''Overlord'' refers to the establishment of a large-scale ''lodgement'' in Normandy, and that ''Neptune'' refers to the landing phase which created the beachhead; i.e. ''Neptune'' was the first part of ''Overlord''. According to the D-day museum : "The armed forces use codenames to refer to the planning and execution of specific military operations. Operation Overlord was the codename for the Allied invasion of north-west Europe. The assault phase of Operation Overlord was known as Operation Neptune. (...) Operation Neptune began on D-Day ( 6 June 1944 ) and ended on 30 June 1944 . By this time, the Allies had established a firm foothold in Normandy. Operation Overlord also began on D-Day, and continued until Allied forces crossed the River Seine on 19 August 1944 ." REFERENCES
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