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A baseball field or '''baseball diamond''' is the Field upon which the game of Baseball is played. SPECIFICATIONS The starting point for much of the action on the field is Home Plate , which is a five-sided white rubber slab 17 Inch es by 8 1/2 by 12 by 12 by 8 1/2 inches. Next to each of the two parallel 8 1/2 inch sides is a Batter's Box . The point of home plate where the two 12 inch sides meet at right angles, is at one corner of a ninety- Foot square. The other three corners of the square, in counterclockwise order from home plate, are called First Base , Second Base , and Third Base . Three canvas bags fifteen inches (38 cm) square mark the three bases. These three bags along with home plate form the four bases at the corners of the infield. A Subtlety about the bases is that home plate and the first and third base bags are entirely within the ninety-foot square. They are positioned this way to help the umpires, as any ball hitting those bases must necessarily be in fair territory. Home plate has its peculiar shape in order to help the plate umpire judge whether a pitch is over the plate or not, i.e. whether it might be in the Strike Zone . The second base bag, which is fully within fair territory, is placed so that its center coincides exactly with the corner or "point" of the ninety-foot infield square. Thus, although the "points" of the bases are 90 feet apart, the physical distance between each successive pair of base markers is more like 88 feet. The lines from home plate to first and third bases are extended to the nearest fence, stand or other obstruction and are called the ''foul lines''. The portion of the playing field between (and including) the foul lines is ''fair territory''; the rest is ''foul territory''. The area in the vicinity of the square formed by the bases is called the ''infield''; fair territory outside the infield is the ''outfield''. Most baseball fields are enclosed with a fence that marks the outer edge of the outfield. The fence is usually set at a distance ranging from 300 to 410 feet (90 to 125 m) from home plate. Most professional and college baseball fields have a right and left foul pole. These poles are at the intersection of the foul lines and the respective ends of the outfield fence. FIRST BASE See Also: First baseman SECOND BASE See Also: Second baseman THIRD BASE See Also: Third baseman FOUL POLES The purpose of the foul poles is to help the umpires judge whether a fly ball hit above the fence line is fair (a is notorious for arguments over long, curving flies down the lines which might even go higher than the foul pole. Sometimes, even repeated TV replays cannot prove the call either way. HOME PLATE For the Bonnie Raitt album, see Home Plate . For the geological feature on Mars, see Home Plate (Mars) In Baseball and related games, home plate is the final base that a player must touch to score. It has five sides. Unlike the other bases, home plate is hard, usually a slightly flexible hard plastic with beveled edges that rises only slightly above ground level. PITCHER'S MOUND In the middle of the square is a low artificial hill called the ''pitcher's mound''. On the mound there is a white rubber slab, called the ''pitcher's plate'' or commonly ''the rubber'', six inches (15 cm) front-to-back and two feet (61 cm) across, the front of which is exactly sixty feet six inches (18.4 m) from the rear point of home plate. This peculiar distance was set by the rulemakers in 1893 , not due to a clerical or surveying error as popular myth has it, but purposely (as noted earlier). On a Baseball Field , the pitcher's mound is a raised section in the middle of the diamond where the Pitcher stands when throwing the Pitch . In Major League Baseball , a regulation mound is 18 feet (5.5 m) in diameter, with the center 59 feet (18.0 m) from the rear point of home plate, on the line between home plate and Second Base . The front edge of the pitcher's plate or '''rubber''' is 18 inches (45.7 cm) behind the center of the mound, making it 60 feet 6 inches (18.4 m) from the rear point of home plate. Six inches (15.2 cm) in front of the pitcher's rubber the mound begins to slope downward. The top of the rubber is to be no higher than ten inches (25.4 cm) above home plate. From 1903 through 1968 this height limit was set at 15 inches, but was often slightly higher, sometimes as high as 20 inches (50.8 cm), especially for teams that emphasized pitching, such as the Los Angeles Dodgers , who were reputed to have the highest mound in the majors. A pitcher will push off the rubber with his foot in order to gain velocity toward Home Plate when pitching. In addition, a higher mound generally favors the pitcher over a lower mound. With the height advantage, the pitcher gains more leverage and can put more downward velocity on the ball, making it more difficult for the batter to strike the ball squarely with the Bat . The lowering of the mound in 1969 was intended to "increase the batting" once again, as pitching had become increasingly dominant, reaching its peak the prior year; 1968 is known among baseball historians as "The Year of the Pitcher". This restrictive rule apparently did its job, contributing to the hitting surge of modern baseball. A pitcher's mound is difficult for Groundskeeper s to maintain. On youth and amateur baseball fields, the mound may be much different than the rulebook definition due to erosion and repair attempts. Even in the major leagues, each mound gains its own character, as pitchers are allowed to kick away pieces of dirt in their way, thereby sculpting the mound a bit to their preference. BASELINE A ''baseline'' is the direct route—a straight line— between two adjacent bases. The ''basepath'' is the region within three feet (0.9 meters) of the baseline. Baserunner s are not required to run in this objective basepath, however; a baserunner may run wherever he wants when no play is being attempted on him. At the moment the defense begins to attempt a Tag on him, his ''running baseline'' is established as a direct line from his current position to the base which he is trying for. The runner may not stray three feet away from this line in an attempt to avoid a tag; if he does, he is automatically out. GRASS LINE The ''grass line'', where the dirt of the infield ends and the grass of the outfield begins, has no special significance to the rules of the game. Its only purpose is to act as a visual aid so that participants, fans, and Umpires may better judge distance from the center of the diamond. HISTORY The basic layout of the diamond has been little changed since the original Knickerbocker Rules of the 1840s. The distance between bases was already established as 90 feet, which it remains to this day. Through trial and error, 90 feet had been settled upon as the optimal distance. 100 feet would have given too much advantage to the defense, and 80 feet too much to the offense. As athleticism has improved on both sides of the equation, 90 feet remains the appropriate balance between hitting and fielding, as it continues to provide frequent tests between the speed of a batter-runner and the throwing arm of a fielder. It is the pitching distance, and other aspects of the pitcher's mound, and of pitching itself, that have been tinkered with from time to time over the many decades, in an effort to keep an appropriate balance between pitching and hitting. In contrast to the distance between the bases, which seems natural enough, the very specific pitching distance of 60 feet 6 inches is one of those sports oddities that seems like a mistake unless one knows the history. To paraphrase Mae West , "Never mind the 60 feet, let's talk about the 6 inches":
:(Sources: ''Glory Fades Away'', by Jerry Lansch; ''The Baseball Encyclopedia'', published by MacMillan). SEE ALSO REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS |
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