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Backronym




An acronym is a word created from the initial letters of a phrase: for example, ''Random Access Memory'' becomes ''RAM'', pronounced as the word "ram". Note the distinction between acronyms and Initialisms : strictly speaking, one uses the term ''acronym'' only when the initials are pronounced as if they compose an ''actual word''.


DETAILS

A backronym is created when one constructs a phrase that has as its acronym an existing short word. There are both official and generally serious, as well as unofficial and often humorous backronyms. When a backronym is peddled as the origin of a word, it is often an example of False Etymology ; when widely believed, it may have the status of a Folk Etymology ; but more usually it is intended and understood as a joke.


TYPES


A pure backronym occurs when a sequence of letters is commonly understood to stand for a phrase that had no role in its original conception. Examples are:-
  • SOS , the international distress signal, chosen solely for its easy recognizability in Morse Code , but often thought to stand for "save our ship", "save our souls" or something similar.

  • CQD , an older distress signal: "come quick, distress (or danger)."

  • The word " Wiki ", from the Hawaiian word meaning "quick". Since its application to consumer generated media, some have suggested that "wiki" means "What I Know Is".


Some backronyms are Back-formed by replacing one or more words in an acronym with another, when the original meaning is deemed obsolete or inaccurate. For example, DVD originally stood for "digital video disc"; when it was noted that DVDs can store any digital data - video or otherwise - the term "digital versatile disc" was substituted. {Link without Title} (Because no agreement was reached about the various possibilities, ''DVD'' now officially stands for nothing.)

Other examples are:-
  • GSM , originally an acronym for a French research group called "Groupe Spécial Mobile", but later treated as "Global System for Mobile Communications".

  • SAT : a well-known example in the United States: originally "Scholastic Aptitude Test", but changed to "Scholastic Assessment Test" after parent groups complained that the word "aptitude" implied that test scores reflected only innate talent and not preparation. Recently, it was changed again to officially stand for nothing.

  • SAP : originally "Spanish Audio Program", but eventually came to be described as "Secondary Audio Program."

  • C Compiler ", but compilers for various other languages have been added, and the acronym is now expanded to "GNU Compiler Collection."


Other backronyms are back-formed from an existing word that was not previously an acronym. Generally these 'backronyms' are .

There are also false backronyms, in which letters are commonly, but inaccurately, thought to represent a phrase. Examples are:-
  • . However, many people incorrectly interpret its definition as 'After Death Christ '.

  • R.I.P., an internationally used acronym for Latin ''Requiescat in pace'', not an English acronym for "Rest in Peace", as often thought, although the Latin and the English phrases have similar meaning and the same initials.

  • RPG , for Russian ''Ruchnoy Protivotankovy Granatomyot'' = "handheld antitank grenade-launcher", now commonly used as an abbreviation of "Rocket-Propelled Grenade".


Moral conservatives in the US created backronyms for famous Heavy Metal bands that attempt to allude at "evil" or Satanic content and perhaps that such meaning was originally intended by the musicians. Examples include:-
  • in "The Rock Report", 1987 cites a January 1980 ''American Photographer'' article as his source.)

  • AC/DC (Anti-Christ/Devil's Children) or (After Christ, the Devil Comes).

  • Slayer (Satan Laughs As You Eternally Rot). Brothers further claims that this phrase is inscribed in the vinyl of the 'Show No Mercy' LP.


Some 'backronyms' are Recursive Acronym s like GNU , PHP or the Pseudo-acronym JINI .

Other backronyms are constructed so that the expanded name will match a desired acronym. For instance, the USA PATRIOT Act ("Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act") was allegedly constructed to match the desired USA PATRIOT acronym by government staffers in the days following the September 11, 2001, attacks on America, although this has been officially denied.

Another popular backronym is from the computer game Doom, in which the really big gun is called a BFG, which came to stand as "Big Fucking Gun" (or "Big Friendly Gun") and in the movie adaptation: "Bio Force Gun."

Some backronyms exploit the bewildering acronyms in the corporate world. For example:-
  • The old Philadelphia Savings Fund Society , more commonly known as "PSFS," was subjected for years to the backronym "Pretty shitty fucking stupid."

  • British travelers on the now-defunct Belgian carrier SABENA (originally an acronym for "Société Autonyme Belge d'Exploitation de la Navigation Aérienne") often referred to it as "Such a bloody experience never again."


Another example is the Field Ration Eating Device (FRED), a small, versatile eating tool given to members of the Australian infantry, which is popularly believed to stand for "Fucking Ridiculous Eating Device".

Or similarly:-
  • The Italian state airline Alitalia ("Always late in take-off and later in arrival")

  • The Indonesian Airline Garuda ("Good and Reliable Until Delay Announcement).

  • The now defunct TAA which stood for Trans Australia Airlines but often referred to as "Try Another Airline".

  • Swiss airline SwissAir with the initials SA, has often been alluded to as "Sturmabteilung"; which were Hitler's brown-shirts. This indicates the role which the company had in conducting former Nazi war criminals from Europe to South America via the famous "rat run" immediately after the Second World War.

  • BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke, or in English: Bavarian Motor Works) has numerous local backronyms that refer to the automobiles' place as symbols of status or conspicuous luxury, "Break My Windows" being the most popular [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/04/02/MN4202morse.DTL



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