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Australian architectural styles have been basically exotic and derivative. Until recent times building styles were only slightly modified by . There was no indigenous architectural style or tradition to influence the ideas and knowledge that the British settlers brought with them when settling Australia from 1788. During the nineteenth century, Australian Architects were inspired by developments in England. In the twentieth century, American and International influences dominated. Australian Architectural Styles can divided into 2 main categories: "Residential" and "Non-Residential". Residential styles are the most prolific and account for the majority of the buildings constructed in Australia. Buildings were frequently heavily influenced by the origins of their patrons, hence while the British would like to be reminded of their Gothic churches and Tudor esque cottages of a perfect England , the Dutch , German , Polish , Greek , Italian and other nationalities would also attempt to recreate the architecture of their homelands too. ]] RESIDENTIAL STYLES Australian Residential Architectural Styles can generally be categorised as follows. There are overlaps between periods:
Old Colonial Period 1788 - c. 1840 At the time of European settlement in 1788 indigenous structures were rudimentary and temporary. There were no native craftsmen to influence the ideas and knowledge that the British settlers brought with them. As a result Australian architecture has been basically exotic and derivative. Until recent times it was only slightly modified by climate, materials and skills. During the nineteenth century, Australian architects were inspired by developments in England. In the twentieth century, American influences dominated. At the time of the first settlement, Georgian Architecture was the architectural vernacular in Britain. Craftsmen, including carpenters and plasterers were trained in the classic proportions associated with the Palladian Style fashionable across Europe. The early 18th century Colonial architecture in Australia was at first heavily influenced (as was architecture in Europe) by the Palladian revival ideals, later as elsewhere this was influenced by the Neoclassical movement which began in Europe circa 1760, and slowly spread across what was regarded as the "civilized" world until it eventually reached Australia. Neoclassicism incorporated not only Greek influences but also Ancient Egypt ian Motif s. The buildings erected in the first 50 years of Australian settlement were simple and plain. Convict huts, marine barracks, government stores and houses for officials were simple rectangular prisms covered with hipped or gabled roofs. Local wood was hard and difficult to work. Wattle and daub was formed from thin saplings and mud. Some pipe clay was obtained from the coves around Port Jackson . Bricks were fired in wood fires and were therefore soft. Lime for cement was obtained by burning oyster shells. towards the Harbour .]] , looking south-east from North Terrace ]] Colonial is the name given to some of the earliest types of housing to be built on the then, newly discovered Australian soil. Local materials were used as nothing but Corrugated Iron was imported from overseas and even this iron was not intentionally bought to Australia for use as a building material. Logs, tree branches and Wattle and Daub were used for the walls. Mud Brick or stone were also used. Windows were usually small panes of glass. The layout was symmetrical, and very simple, usually containing only 2 to 4 rooms, however, the Colonial style later incorporated detached fireplaces, a central hallway, and verandahs to 3 sides of the building. As Squatters did not have title to their land, potentially moving on after two years, they tended to build only bark huts. Hence, little survives into the twenty first century of rural residential architecture. As the Australian economy developed and settlements became more established, more sophisticated buildings emerged. The river town of Warrandyte, Victoria contained some of the best examples of the Colonial architectural style, however, the majority if not all of these surviving buildings have been destroyed by Bush Fire s that have plagued the town for over a century. Regency, Grecian and Gothic Picturesque were the names of other styles from this period. |
Image:Earlsbrae1899jpgEarlsbrae Hall
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/R_A_Lawson" class="copylinks">R A Lawson designed this Neoclassical temple-style mansion with Frederick Grey in 1890 |
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Image:Potts Point 02JPGRockwall House, Designed By
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/John_Verge" class="copylinks">John Verge , in Potts Point, New South Wales Old Colonial Regency style |
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Image:HydeParkBarracksDrawingHardyWilson1914jpgHyde Park Barracks, Designed By
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Francis_Greenway" class="copylinks">Francis Greenway Old Colonial Georgian drawing by Hardy Wilson in 1914 |
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Image:Fremantle Prison Gatehouse GhostieguideJPG
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Fremantle_Prison" class="copylinks">Fremantle Prison built 1850-57 |
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Image:AlburyCourtHousejpgCourt House,
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Albury,_New_South_Wales" class="copylinks">Albury, New South Wales , built 1860 Palladian-style |
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Image:AlburyRailwayStationjpgRailway Station,
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Albury,_New_South_Wales" class="copylinks">Albury, New South Wales , built 1881 Italianate |
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Image:GoulburnCourtHouseJPGCourt House,
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Goulburn,_New_South_Wales" class="copylinks">Goulburn, New South Wales ,built 1887 Italianate |
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Image:National Hotel, Fremantle, Western AustraliajpgNational Hotel,
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Fremantle,_Western_Australia" class="copylinks">Fremantle, Western Australia built late 1800s {Link without Title} |
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Image:Regatta HotelJPGThe
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Regatta_Hotel,_Brisbane" class="copylinks">Regatta Hotel in Toowong, Queensland , present building constructed in 1886 |
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Image:Sydney-town-halljpg
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Sydney_Town_Hall" class="copylinks">Sydney Town Hall built 1869-89 Victorian Second Empire style |
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Image:Acexhibition1jpg
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Royal_Exhibition_Building" class="copylinks">Royal Exhibition Building , Melbourne, completed 1880 |
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Image:QVBJPG
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Queen_Victoria_Building" class="copylinks">Queen Victoria Building , Sydney, completed 1898 |
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Image:AlburyA&RShopFmrBankBldgjpgFormer
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/ANZ_Bank" class="copylinks">ANZ Bank building in Albury, New South Wales |
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Image:NaroomaUnitingChurchjpgThe Uniting Church At
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Narooma,_New_South_Wales" class="copylinks">Narooma, New South Wales built 1914 Federation Carpenter Gothic architectural style |
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Image:Albert HallWindowsjpgWindows Of The
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Albert_Hall,_Canberra" class="copylinks">Albert Hall, Canberra , opened 1928 Georgian Revival |
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Image:Melbourne War Memorialjpg
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Shrine_of_Remembrance_(Melbourne)" class="copylinks">Shrine Of Remembrance (Melbourne) completed 1934 Academic Classical |
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Image:Brisbane City Halljpg
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Brisbane_City_Hall" class="copylinks">Brisbane City Hall opened 1930 Academic Classical |
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Image:Old Parliament House Croppedjpg
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Old_Parliament_House,_Canberra" class="copylinks">Old Parliament House, Canberra opened 1927 Stripped Classical |
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Image:AlburyAMPBldg 001jpg
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/AMP_Limited" class="copylinks">AMP building in Albury, New South Wales Stripped Classical |
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Image:SydneyAndMelbourneBuildingsCivic1929jpgSydney And Melbourne Buildings,
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/City_Centre,_Australian_Capital_Territory" class="copylinks">City Centre, Australian Capital Territory commenced building 1920s Mediterranean |
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Image:CaptainsFlatHoteljpgHotel At
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Captains_Flat,_New_South_Wales" class="copylinks">Captains Flat, New South Wales built 1938 Functionalist |
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Image:Australian War Memorial By Nightjpg
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Australian_War_Memorial" class="copylinks">Australian War Memorial building completed 1941 Byzantine_architecture style with strong styling elements of art_deco throughout |
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Image:Capitol Theatre, Swanston Street, MelbourneJPG
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Capitol_Theatre,_Melbourne" class="copylinks">Capitol Theatre, Melbourne opened 1924 Chicaoesque |
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Image:GoulburnElmsleaChambers 001jpgElmslea Chambers,
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Goulburn,_New_South_Wales" class="copylinks">Goulburn, New South Wales built 1933 it was one of the first buildings in Australia to use coloured polychrome terracotta in its façade |
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Image:rear St Marys SthPerthJPGSt Marys
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Anglican" class="copylinks">Anglican Church, South Perth, Western Australia built 1957 |
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Image:NLA Canberra-01JACJPG
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/National_Library_of_Australia" class="copylinks">National Library Of Australia 1964 Stripped Classical |
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Image:Sydney Opera House Sailsjpg
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Sydney_Opera_House" class="copylinks">Sydney Opera House |
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Image:Cameron Offices - Speck 2 - Detailjpg
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Cameron_Offices,_Belconnen" class="copylinks">Cameron Offices, Belconnen constructed in the late 1960s and early 1970s Brutalist |
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Image:Shine DomejpgThe
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Australian_Academy_of_Science#The_Shine_Dome" class="copylinks">Australian Academy Of Science building, named the "Shine Dome", Canberra, designed by Roy Grounds , completed 1959 Structuralist |
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