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Here is an example of an argument: A All humans are mortal. Socrates is human. ''Therefore'', Socrates is mortal. We can rewrite argument A by putting each sentence on its own line: B :All humans are mortal. :Socrates is human. Therefore To demonstrate the important notion of the ''form'' of an argument, substitute letters for similar items throughout B: C :All S are P. a Therefore All we have done in C is to put 'S' for 'human' and 'humans', 'P' for 'mortal', and '''a''' for 'Socrates'; what results, C, is the ''form'' of the original argument in '''A'''. So argument form C is the form of argument '''A'''. Moreover, each individual sentence of C is the ''sentence'' ''form'' of its respective sentence in '''A'''. Attention is given to argument and sentence form, because ''form is what makes an argument Valid or Cogent ''. Some examples of valid arguments forms are Modus Ponens , Modus Tollens , and the Disjunctive Syllogism . Two invalid argument forms are Affirming The Consequent and Denying The Antecedent . SEE ALSO |
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