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Ancient Inscriptions Of Raju Rulers





ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS



Vijayanagara Dynasty

Krishna Deva Raya

  • No. 45. (A.R. No. 491 of 1906.) Pulivendla, Pulivendla Taluk, Cuddapah District . On a slab set up at the entrance of the Ranganathasvamin temple. Krishnaraya, 1509 A.D. This is dated Saka 1431, Sukla, Kartika su. 12, Monday, corresponding to 1509 A.D., October 24, which was, however, Wednesday and not Monday.


It records a gift of the village Kunddal Kundu to the god Sri Ranga Raju of Pulivindla by Narasayya Deva Maharaju, brother of Basava Raju, son of Tamma Raju, grandson of Valla Bharaya and great-grand son of Bejawada Madhava Varma of Vasishtha-gotra and Surya-vamsa. The gift village is said to be situated in Pulivindalasthala, a subdivision of Mulkinadu in Ghandi Kotasima of Udayagiri Rajya.
  • No. 52. (A.R. No. 18 of 1915.) Srisailam, Nandikotkur Taluk, Kurnool District . On stones built into the floor of the platform in the eastern porch of the Mallikarjuna temple. Krishnaraya, 1515 A.D. This is dated Saka 1438 (current), Yuva, Sravana su. 15, Wednesday, lunar eclipse, corresponding regularly to 1515 A.D., July 25.


The record is important for the historical information contained in it. The king, it is stated, started out from Vijayanagara on a campaign of conquest towards the east, conquered at a stretch Udayagiri, Addanki, Vinukonda, Bellamkonda, Nagarjunikonda, Tangedu, Ketavaram and other hill-forts and land-forts and captured Tirumala Kataraya Mahapatra. Having taken Kondavidu, he captured alive Virabhadra Raya, Nara Hari Deva, Rachuri Mallukhanu, Uddandakhanu, Jannala Kasavapatra, Pusapati Rachiraju, '''Srinatha Raju''', '''Lakshmipati Raju''', Paschima Balachandra Mahapatra and others. Later he reinstated the captives in their places, visited Amaresvara at Dharanikota and performed the Tulapurusha ceremony in the presence of the god on the banks of the river Krishnaveni. He had the Ratnadhenu and Sapta Sagara Mahadanas performed by his queens Chinna Devi and Tirumala Devi respectively. Finally he visited Sriparvata, where he had the mandapa built in the car street of the temple. The epigraph refers to the gift of the villages Paramanchala and Atukuru formerly made to the god of the place in the year Srimukha. It also mentions the remission of levies on loads (Kanchi-kavadi), pack-horses, bullocks, asses and head-loads.

The details of the date given for the said Srimukha viz., Vaisakha su. 11 and Thursday do not agree for the year. But they work out correctly for the previous year Bhava. Hence assuming the cyclic year to be a mistake for Bhava, the date would correspond to 1514 A.D., May 4.
  • No. 57. (A.R. No. 474 of 1919.) Little Kanchipuram , Kanchipuram Taluk, Chingleput District. On the north wall of the rock in the Arulala-perumal temple. Krishnaraya, 1517 A.D. This is dated Saka 1438, Dhatri, Pushya ba. 7, Wednesday, corresponding to 1517 A.D., January 14.


States that the king, having conquered Udayagiri , captured Ravutaraya-mahapatra, and having taken the hill fortresses of Addanki, Vinikonda, Bellamkonda, Tangeda, Ketavaram, etc., captured alive Vira Bhadra Raya, son of Pratapa Rudra Gajapati Raju. Narahari Deva, son of Kumara Hamvira and others, performed Tulapurusha at Amaresvara in Dharanikota, retured to Vijayanagara and started out again on a campaign of conquest towards Kalinga , reached Bejawada, conquered Kondapalli, captured Praha Raju Siras Chandra Mahapatra, Bodajana Mahapatra, Bujilikhanu and others, took at a stretch all the fortresses of Telangana such as Anantagiri, Udrakonda, Urlugonda, Aruvapalli, Jallipalli, Kandikonda, Kappaluvayi, Nalgonda , Kambhammettu, Kanakagiri, Samkkaragiri, etc., installed the jayastambha at Simhadri Potnuru and performed the mahadana there, retured to Rajamahendra and desiring to have the mahadanas performed by his queens Chinna Devi and Tirumala Devi, retured to Vijayanagara and having visited, on the above date, with his queens, god Varada Raju at Vishnu Kanchi, and paid one thousand varahas as kanika, had the punyakoti-vimana of the god gilded with gold and granted the villages Vershara, Tiruppalukadalu, Govindacheri, Nurappandangal and Peluru yielding altogether annually 1,500 varahas, to meet the expenses for the fort nightly pulukkappu service and daily offerings to the god.
  • No. 73. (A.R. No. 353 of 1915.) Kundurru, Narasarowpet Taluk, Guntur District . On a Naga pillar lying in front of a deserted temple. Krishnaraya, 1522 A.D. This is dated Saka 1445 (current) Chitrabhanu, Vaisakha ba. 3. Monday, corresponding to 1522 A.D., May 13 (Tuesday).


The record is incomplete. It registers the grant of a piece of land in the village of Konudortta in Vinukondasima for offerings to god Purushottama of the village by Maha Mandalesvara Sarvayya Deva Chodaraju, son of Alamandala Yarayya Deva Chodaraju of Kasyapa - Gotra . Vinikondasima is said to have been given to the donor as nayankara by Maha Pradhana Saluva Timmarasayya.



Sadasiva

  • No. 129. (A.R. No. 690 of 1917.) Kovelakuntla, Koilkuntla Taluk, Kurnool District . On a slab set up in front of the Ankalamma temple. Sadasiva, 1543 A.D. Th is is dated Saka 1465, Sobhakrit, Nija-Sravana ba. 10., corresponding to 1543 A.D., August 25 (Saturday).


It registers the grant of income derived from svamyatas in his nayankara territory of Kovila Kuntlasima for the Cherapu (Sirappu) and Paruventa festivals of the goddess Ahankal Amma by Maha Mandalesvara Nandyala Avubhalesvara Deva Maharaju, son of Singa Raju Deva Maharaju and the grandson of Narasingayya Deva Maharaju of the lunar race.
  • No. 139. (A.R. No. 498 of 1906.) Mopuru, Pulivendla Taluk, Cuddapah District. On a slab set up in front of the central shrine of the Bhairavesvara temple. Sadasiva, 1545 A.D. This is dated Saka 1466, Krodhin, Magha su. 7, Rathasaptami, Monday, corresponding to 1545 A.D., January 19, ’50.


It records the remission of all taxes like Durga Vartana, Danayani Vartana, bedige, kanika and others in favour of the Vidvan mahajanas of the villages belonging to temples and to agraharas in Ghandikota Sakalisima obtained by the donor, Timmaya Deva Maharaju, son of Narasingaya Deva Maharaju and grandson of Maha Mandalesvara Nandyala Avubhala Deva Maharaju as Nayankara from the king. A similar remission of these taxes in the villages granted to the Bhai Ravesvara temple of Mopura is also recorded with the stipulation that the amount accrued was to be utilized for the daily worship and the rathosvava of the god.
  • (A.R. No. 348 of 1905.) Devigudi, Jammalamadugu Taluk, Cuddapah District. On a slab set up close to the main gopura of the Talakantamma temple. Sadasiva, 1546 A.D. This is dated Saka 1468, Parabhava, Nija-Ashadha, corresponding to 1546 A.D. July, the other details being lost.


It records a gift of the village Turangayapalle, in Mulkisima to Kandala Apanacharya by Maha Mandalesvara Madiraju China Timmayya Deva Maharaju who held the territory of Mulkisima as nayankara from the king.
  • No. 167. (A.R. No. 377 of 1926.) Tangeda, Palnadu Taluk, Guntur District . On a slab set up in front of the deserted temple of Sita Rama Svamin in the fort. Sadasiva, 1548 A.D. This is dated Saka 1470, Kilaka, vaisakha su. 15, Sunday, lunar eclipse corresponding to 1548 A.D., April 22.


It registers the grant of the village Kachavaram in Tangedasima to the god Lakshmi Narasimha at Tangeda by Deva Chodaraju, son of Mummaya Deva Chodaraju and the grandson of Maha Mandalesvara Apratika Malla Kurucheti Somaya Deva Chodaraju of the solar race and belonging to the Kasyapa-gotra, apastamba-sutra and Yajus-sakha at the command of Rama Raja Vithalaya Deva Maharaju who is said to have conferred the Tangedasima as nayankara the donor.
  • No. 175. (A.R. No. 369 of 1920.) Chitrachedu, Gooty Taluk, Anantapur District . On a slab in the compound of the mosque. Sadasiva, 1550 A.D. This is dated Saka 1473 (current), Sadharana, Ashadha su. 10 corresponding to 1550 A.D., June 23, (Monday).


This fragmentary record mentions the pontiff Santa Bhiksha Vritti Ayyavaru and his three spiritual sons, the Narapati, Asvapati and Gajapati kings who seem to have made some gifts to god Mallikarjuna of Srisaila worshipped by them.
  • No. 153. (A.R. No. 348 of 1905.) Devigudi, Jammala Madugu Taluk, Cuddapah District. On a slab set up close to the main gopura of the Talakant Amma temple. Sadasiva, 1546 A.D. This is dated Saka 1468, Parabhava, Nija-Ashadha, corresponding to 1546 A.D. July, the other details being lost.


It records a gift of the village Turangayapalle, in Mulkisima to Kandala Apanacharya by Maha Mandalesvara Madiraju China Timmayya Deva Maharaju who held the territory of Mulkisima as nayankara from the king.
  • No. 188. (A.R. No. 80 of 1915.) Pedda Ahobalam, Sirvel Taluk, Kurnool District. On a slab set up near the Durudu Mandapa on the way to upper Ahobalam. Sadasiva, 1553 A.D. This is dated Saka 1476 (current), Pramadi, Sravana ba. 10, Thursday corresponding to 1553 A.D. August 3.


It registers an endowment of twenty varahas as poliyuttu for maintaining offerings during the sixteen days of festivals every year when god Ahobalesvara was seated in the sixteen pillared mandapa built by Maha Mandalesvara Apratika Malla Kurucheti Venkatadri Deva Maharaju, son of Obulraju and grandson of Timma Raju of Kasyapa-gotra, Apastamba-sutra, Yajus-sakha and solar race.
  • No. 191. (A.R. No. 584 of 1909.) Macherla, Palnadu Taluk, Guntur District. On a slab set up in the courtyard of the Virabhadresvara temple. Sadasiva, 1554 A.D. The record is dated in Chronogram ‘rasa-saila-veda..’ and the numerals 76, Ananda, Ashadha, su. 15, Friday, lunar eclipse. The word for the numeral 1 is apparently lost. The details of the date correspond to 1554 A.D., June 15, ’51, if the month was Adhika Ashadha.


The inscription which is damaged, records a grant of 14 putti and 10 tumu of land constituting it into a village by name Lingapuram, by Ling Amma, wife of Veligoti Komara Timma Nayaka to the gods Ishta Kamesvara and Viresvara of Macherla situated to the north of Macherla and west of the Chandra Bhaga river, in Nagarjuna-konda-sima which Komara Timma Nayaka is said to have obtained as nayankara from Maha Mandalesvara Rama Raju Thirumalaraju Deva Maharaju.
  • No. 201. (A.R. No. 161 of 1905.) Markapur, Markapur Taluk, Kurnool District. On the east wall, left of entrance, of the antarala-mandapa in the Chenna-kesava-svamin temple. Sadasiva, 1555 A.D.

  • This is dated Saka 1476, Ananda, Magha su. 7, corresponding to 1555 A.D., January 29.


It records a gift of the various toll incomes due from the 18 villages, viz., Marakarapuram, Channavaram, Konddapuram, Yachavaram, Rayavaram, Gonguladinna, Tarnumbadu, Surepalli, Vanalapuram, Chanareddipalle, Gangireddipalle, Korevanipalle, Medisettipalle, Gollapalle, Jammuladinna, Tellambadu, Kamalpuram and Kondapalli to god Chennakesava by Maha Mandalesvara Madiraju Narappadeva Maharaju, son of Aubhalayya Deva Maharaju, grandson of Maha Mandalesvara Madiraju Singa Raju Deva Maharaju, of Kasyapa-gotra and Surya-vamsa, and nephew of Maha Mandalesvara Rama Raju Thirumalaraju. The gift villages are said to be situated in Kochcherla Kotasima which was held by the donor as Nayankara from the king. Records in addition that the lanjasunkham (levy on prostitutes) collected during the festivals at Marakapuram was also made over to the temple and that fie out of every six dishes of offerings to the deity, were to be made over to the satra (feeding house) for feeding paradesi Brahmanas of the smartha sect, the sixth dish being the share of the sthanikas, the adhikaris and the karanas.
  • No. 205. (A.R. No. 59 of 1915.) Chinna Ahobalam, Sirvel Taluk, Kurnool District. On the west wall of the Narasimha-svamin shrine in the Narasimha-svamin temple. Sadasiva, 1555 A.D. This is dated Saka 1478 (current), Rakshasa, Sravana ba. 7 corresponding to 1555 A.D., August 9 (Friday).


The record is damaged and fragmentary. It seems to register a gift (of land) to god Ahobala Narasimha by Ganapatiraju who belonged to the Kasyapa-gotra Apastamba-sutra and Yajus-sakha and was the son of Nandi Raju and the grandson of Maha Mandalesvara Krishna Raju of the solar race.
  • No. 228. (A.R. No. 411 of 1911.) Vontimitta, Sidhavatam Taluk, Cuddapah District. On a slab set up near the eastern gopura of the Kodanda Rama Swamy temple. Sadasiva, 1558 A.D. This is dated Saka 1480, Kalayukt, and Ashadha su. 12, Monday, corresponding to 1558 A.D. June 27.


The inscription records a gift of the village Vontimetta with its hamlets in Sidhavatam-sima of Udayagiri Rajya to god Raghu Nayaka of the same village said to have been consecrated by Jambavanta, by Naga Raja Deva Maharaju of Kasyapa-gotra, and Surya-Vamsa and the son-in-law of Rama Raju and Gutti Yara Thirumalaraju Deva Maharaju of Kasyapa-gotra, and Surya-Vamsa and the sons of Sri Ranga Raju and the grandsons of Aravidu Rama Raju of Atreya-gotra and Soma-Vamsa. The gift village was situated in Siddhavatamsima which the donor appears to have held as his nayankara
  • No. 234. (A.R. No. 394 of 1920.) Guntakallu, Gooty Taluk, Anantapur District . On a stone set up in front of the Krishnasvamin temple. Sadasiva, 1558 A.D. This is dated Saka 14 {Link without Title} , Kalayukti, Kartika su. 12, corresponding to 1558 A.D., October 24.


It records a gift of land to the mannevaru, melavaru, Naga svaralavaru and uyyala sevavaru for services in the temple of Kesava Perumal in Guntakallu in Guttisima by Maha-Mandalesvara Madiraju Vallabhai. Guttisima is said to have been held by the donor as nayankara from Maha-mandalesvara Rama Raju Tirumalaraju Deva-Maharaju
  • No. 235. (A.R. No. 79 of 1915.) Pedda Ahobalam, Sirvel Taluk, Kurnool District. On a slab set up near the sixteen-pillared mandapa on the way to upper Ahobalam. Sadasiva, 1558 A.D. This is dated Saka 14 {Link without Title} , Kalayukt, Margasirsha su. 3, corresponding to 1558, A.D., November 13, (Sunday).


It records the grant of a piece of land and some money by Emberumanar-Jiyyamgaru, the mudrakarta of Vam Sathagopa-Jiyyamgaru and others for conducting certain festivals when god Ahobalesvara was seated in the 16 pillared mandapa constructed by Maha-mandalesvara Kurucheti Timmaraju, son of Vobul Raju and grandson of Baichana Deva Chodaraju of the solar race, when the god was taken (in procession) to Diguva Tirupati and back to the temple (nagaru)
  • No. 240. (A.R. No. 311 of 1922.) Vyapulapalle, Hamlet of Mudivedu, Madanapalle Taluk, Chittoor District . On a rock in the village. Sadasiva, 1559 A.D. This is dated Saka 1481, Siddharthin, Sravana ba. 12 Friday corresponding to 1559 A.D., July 31. The weekday, however, was Monday.


It registers a gift of wet and dry lands to god Lakshmi Narasimha at Ramagiridurga by Jillela Vengalayya-Deva-Maharaju, son of Krishnam Raju and grandson of Peda Krishnam Raju of Kasyapa-gotra, Apastamba-sutra and Yajus-sakha. The gift lands are stated to be situated in Vempalapalli in the village of Mudivada in Vailipatisima belonging to Rama-giri-durga of Penugonda Marjavada which the donor is said to have obtained as amara from Rama Raju Tirumalaraju Deva Maharaju.
  • No. 251. (A.R. No. 15 of 1904.) Hampi , Hospet Taluk, Bellary District. On the north wall of the mandapa in front of the deserted shrine to the west of the Vitthalasvamin temple. Sadasiva, 1561 A.D. This is dated Saka 1483, Raudri (current), Phalguna , the other details being lost.


It registers an agreement (kaulu) granted by Kurucheti Sri Ranga Raju, son of Obulraju of the solar race and Kasyapa-gotra to a person (name lost) for his having level-led and brought under cultivation a specified piece of land stipulating an annual payment of one ghatti varaha by him into the treasury of god Vitthalesvara and a fourth share of the produce to the donor. The details pertaining to the rest of the produce are lost. Refers to a gift of garden land made to (the shrine of) Tirumangai-Alvar on the occasion of Prathama-ekadasi.
  • No. 269. (A.R. No. 166 of 1905.) Markapur, Markapur Taluk, Kurnool District. On a pillar of the garuda-mandapa in the Chennkesavasvamin temple. Sadasiva, 1569 A.D. This is dated Saka 1491, Sukla, Ashadha su. 12 corresponding to 1569 A.D., June 25.


The record is partly built in. It registers a gift of the income out of the akula mantrayam to the god by Chennapa-nayaka, son of Komara Timma-nayaka and grandson of Veligoti Peda Timma Nayaka of '''Recherla'''-gotra. The donor is said to have obtained Kochcherla kotasima as nayankara from Maha Mandalesvara Ramaraju''' Thirumalaraju'''.


Kakatiya Dynasty


  • No. 257. (A. R. No. 324 of 1915.) On the Garudastambha in the temple of Venugopalasvami, Uppumaguluru, Narasaraopeta Taluk, same District. S. 1133. Damaged and partly illegible.


Refers to the gift of an oil-mill and land made by Balli Chodaraju presumably to some temple.
  • No. 261. (A. R. No. 717 of 1920.) On a pillar in the temple of Kesavasvami, Duggirala, Tenali Taluk, same district. S. 113 {Link without Title} (Bhava ?)


Refers to the delimitation of the boundaries between Duggarelapundi on the one hand and Ivani, Duggamapundi and Moramapundi on the other hand, made by Mallaparaju and Rudraraju under the orders of king Ganapati Deva, given after he occupied the Velanandu country.
  • No. 269. (A. R. No. 140 of 1917.) On a pillar of the Madhyaranga, in the temple of Dantesvara, Prattipadu, Guntur Taluk, Guntur District. S. 1144.


States that Paricheda Kusma Raju established the image of Gandesvara and endowed it with two martus of land for the merit of his wife Sabbamadevi
  • No. 282. (A. R. No. 134 of 1917.) On a garuda pillar in front of the temple of Venugopalasvami, at Potturu, same Taluk and District. S. 115 {Link without Title} .


State that Paricheda Bhima Raju son of Komma Raju consecrated the image of god Gopala and built a temple over it and also endowed it with lands.


Eastern Chalukya Dynasty


  • No. 4. (A. R. No. 431 of 1915) On a nandi slab set up near the temple of Somesvara at Eluru , Narasaraopeta Taluk, Same District. S. 925. The characters appear too modern for the date given.


Records the grant of land to god Somanathadeva by Paricheda Chikka Bhimaraju.
  • No. 10. (A. R. No. 747 of 1920.) On a pillar in the mandapa of the temple of somesvara, Juttiga, Tanuku Taluk, West Godavari District. S. 1000 (3rd year of Vishnuvardhana.)


Records a gift made by Vengi Bikiraju for the upkeep of a perpetual lamp in the temple of Somesvara. The gift seems to be of a kind of local tax (tiru).


Western Chalukya Dynasty


  • No. 27. (A. R. No. 596 of 1909.) On the Naga pillar in the temple of Virabhadra outside the village of Gurazala, Palnadu Taluk, same District. S. {Link without Title} 51.


States that a Brahman named Dara son of Kommana who was the head of Kummunuru village and who claimed to be an incarnation of the serpent king Sesha, put up a Naga-stambha in front of the temple of Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva built by himself and that Betabhupa of the Haihaya family, a dependent of Bhulo Kamalla Deva (Somesvara III) made a gift of 4 kharis of land to the said temple.


Chola Dynasty


  • No. 64. (A. R. No. 567 of 1925.) On a big white marble pillar set up near the dhvajastambha in the temple of Ramalingesvara, Velpuru, Sattenepalli Taluk, Guntur District. S. 1030


Records the gift of a perpetual lamp by Kota Gokaraju son of Bhima to the temple of Ramesvara of Velupuru.


Early Cholas Of Renandu


  • No. 607. (A. R. No. 380 of 1904.) On two faces of a broken pillar lying in the court-yard of the temple of Chennakesavasvami at Kalamalla, Kamalapuram Taluk, same District. Undated.


Damaged and unintelligible. Mentions Dhananjaya and Renadu.


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