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The Amtrak ''Cascades'' is a Passenger Train route operated by Amtrak in partnership with the states of Washington and Oregon in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada . The corridor runs 156 miles (251 km) from Vancouver, British Columbia south to Seattle, Washington , continuing 310 miles (499 km) south via Portland, Oregon to Eugene, Oregon . Track capacity in British Columbia does not yet allow for through travel between the two ends, but Thruway Motorcoach connections in Seattle allow for trips between Vancouver, BC and Eugene.

''Cascades'' service on the Seattle-Portland route began in 1993 . Total Amtrak ''Cascades'' ridership for 2005 was 636,892. {Link without Title}


EQUIPMENT

The Amtrak ''Cascades'' is a unique train that is painted in a special Scheme . The train is operated in a Push-pull configuration with an EMD F59PHI at one end, and a de-motored EMD F40PH locomotive called a Non-Powered Control Unit (NPCU), or Cab Control & Baggage Car (CCB), nicknamed "Cabbages" on the other end. The NPCU/CCB contains a cement weight, possibly to meet FRA weight requirements.

The passenger cars themselves are produced by Talgo , the only cars by that company in operation in the United States. These cars are designed to passively Tilt into curves, allowing the train to pass through them at higher speeds. The Talgo trainset is articulated - each passenger car in the Talgo set actually shares a single axle with the next, such that they cannot be decoupled without lifting one car onto a support. This design can also prevent Jackknifing in a derailment.


FUNDING

Funding for the route is provided separately by the states of Oregon and Washington , with Union Station In Portland serving as the dividing point between the two. As of February 2006 , Washington was funding three daily round trips between Seattle and Portland and two between Seattle and Bellingham, with one of the latter extending north to Vancouver, BC. Oregon was funding two daily round trips between Eugene and Portland. The five trains are organized into semi-regular operating cycles, but no particular train always has one route.


Local partnerships

As a result of ''Cascades'' service being jointly funded by the Washington and Oregon departments of transportation, public transit agencies and local municipalities can offer a variety of discounts. Please note that companion ticket coupons do expire, have blackout dates, and must usually be presented at a staffed station to purchase a ticket.
  • FlexPass and University Of Washington UPass holders receive a 15% discount (code H610) on all regular ''Cascades'' travel. Employers participating in these programs may also receive a limited number of free companion ticket coupons for distribution to employees.

  • The commuter rail fare structure.

  • Through the Portland Oregon Visitors Association , through May 25, 2006 the Portland Big Deal offers a free companion ticket for any paid fare traveling to/from Portland. No coupon is required (code H567).

  • Through Seattle's Convention and Visitors Bureau , through May 25, 2006 the Seattle Super Saver Guide ( PDF ) offers a free companion ticket for any paid fare traveling to/from Seattle. This includes the Vancouver, BC round trip. Seattle's King Street Station ticketing agents have been instructed to accept coupons printed from the PDF online.

  • The Chinook Book coupon book offers a companion ticket coupon which does not require any particular origination/destination, and is valid until the end of 2006. The Chinook Book costs between $15 and $20.


The ''Cascades'' service also benefits from Sound Transit's track upgrades for Sounder service, notably the upcoming Point Defiance Bypass project.


FUTURE PLANS

The WSDOT Rail Office plans for eventual service of 13 daily round trips between Seattle and Portland and 4-6 round trips between Seattle and Bellingham, with four of those extending to Vancouver, BC. Due to a vote by the Washington State Legislature in 2005 , the fourth round trip between Seattle and Portland is scheduled to begin operating in June or July of 2006 .

These reductions in travel times are also planned:

  • Seattle to Portland - 3:30 ( 2006 ); 2:30 (planned)

  • Seattle to Vancouver BC - 3:55 ( 2006 ); 2:57 (planned)

  • Vancouver BC to Portland - N/A ( 2006 ); 5:37 (planned)


In order to increase train speeds and frequency to meet these goals, a number of incremental track improvement projects must be completed. Gates and signals must be improved, some grade crossings must be separated, some track must be replaced or upgraded and station capacities must be increased. In order to extend the second daily Seattle to Bellingham round trip to Vancouver, BC Rail in Canada must make track improvements north of the US-Canadian border.


Vancouver to Seattle projects



= Swift Customs Facility

  • Adds a Siding to allow freight trains to move off the mainline for Customs inspections; increases reliability for Vancouver to Seattle trains.

  • Construction begins in Fall 2007 with expected completion in Summer 2009 .



= Bellingham Georgia Pacific upgrades

  • Increases passenger train speeds near the Georgia Pacific plant from 20mph to 30mph.

  • Upgrades warning and crossing equipment to improve safety for pedestrians and vehicles at Laurel and Central streets.

  • Construction begins in 2008 with expected completion in 2009 .

    • = Bellingham Waterfront Redevelopment Project

  • Relocates 0.75 miles of BNSF track to avoid the current sharp curve.

  • Would increase passenger train speeds (presumably above 30mph).

  • Construction begins in Fall 2007 with expected completion in Summer 2009 .



= Mt. Vernon siding upgrade

  • Adds a Siding to allow southbound trains from Bellingham to pass northbound trains from Seattle; allows for earlier southbound departure.

  • Construction began in 2005 with expected completion in 2007 .



= Stanwood siding upgrade/repair

  • Lengthens and repairs Siding to ensure freight trains are accommodated; increases reliability for Vancouver and Bellingham to Seattle trains.

  • Construction begins in 2007 with expected completion in 2009 .



= Everett PA Junction and Delta Yard Realignment

  • Realigns sharp curves to increase passenger train speeds from 30mph to 50mph, resulting in a two minute time savings to Bellingham and Vancouver.

  • Upgrades warning and crossing equipment to improve safety for pedestrians and vehicles at Pacific/Chestnut crossing and Railroad Avenue crossing.

  • Construction is hoped to begin in September 2006 with expected completion in June 2007 .



= King Street Station track improvements

  • Allows more trains to access the station at one time.

  • Construction begins in Summer 2006 with expected completion in Winter 2011 .



Seattle to Portland projects



= Point Defiance Bypass


  • Partnership with Sound Transit to bypass BNSF Railway Puget Sound shore track for an alignment between Tacoma at the north end and the Nisqually River at the south.

  • Increases train speeds in this corridor with a straighter track alignment.

  • Eliminates the need for Cascades trains to use the single-track Nelson Bennett Tunnel , although Coast Starlight trains will likely continue to use the coastal alignment due to the steep grade from Tacoma to Lakewood.

  • First phase decreases travel time through the corridor by 6 minutes; second phase decreases travel time by at least another 5 minutes.

  • Sound Transit construction was originally scheduled to be complete in late locomotives used by Sounder Commuter Rail cannot climb the steep grade south of Tacoma in wet weather, so a different design to level the incline must be used. WSDOT construction is scheduled to begin in 2009 with an anticipated completion date in 2013 , but funding for WSDOT's portion of the project has been moved forward by four years to 2007 , so their construction may coincide with Sound Transit's.



= Kelso-Martin's Bluff Rail Project

  • Constructs a third mainline from Kelso to Martin's Bluff, allowing for more frequent passenger service.

  • Upgrades warning and signal equipment at four crossings, improving safety for vehicles and pedestrians.

  • Construction is scheduled to begin in 2009 with an anticipated completion date in 2013 .



= Vancouver Rail Project

  • Constructs a double-tracked bypass alignment to decrease freight congestion and to increase passenger train reliability.

  • Constructs a crossing over the tracks at W. 39th St, increasing vehicle and pedestrian safety.

  • Construction is scheduled to begin in 2007 with an anticipated completion date in 2011 .



=High-speed crossovers

These projects allow trains to switch mainlines at higher speed, reducing time lost when passing another train.

These projects remove a crossing by creating either a rail or road bridge, allowing for higher train speeds and the best possible crossing safety.
  • S. Lander street(Seattle)

  • Royal Brougham SR 519 Phase 2 (Seattle)

  • S. 212th street(Kent)

  • Willis street(Kent)



STATION STOPS

Northbound trains are even-numbered; southbound trains are odd.

All station stops are made.
; British Columbia





REFERENCES



EXTERNAL LINKS