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Ampicillin
 

Information About

Ampicillin




  IUPAC Name 7-(2-amino-2-phenyl-acetyl)amino-3,3</br>-dimethyl-6-oxo-2-thia-5-azabicyclo</br> {Link without Title} heptane-4-carboxylic acid
  CAS Number 69-53-4
  ATC Prefix J01
  ATC Suffix CA01
  PubChem 149171
  DrugBank APRD00320
  chemical Formula C <sub>16</sub> H <sub>18</sub> N <sub>3</sub> O <sub>4</sub> S
  molecular Weight 349406
  bioavailability 40% (oral)
  metabolism
  elimination Half-life approx 1 hour
  excretion 75 to 85% Renal
  pregnancy Category ( Aust )
  legal Status Schedule ( Aust )
  routes Of Administration oral, iv


Ampicillin is an Aminopenicillin and, as such, is a broad-spectrum Antibiotic and has been used extensively to treat Bacterial Infection s since 1961 . It can sometimes result in allergic reactions that range in severity from a rash to potentially lethal Anaphylaxis .


MECHANISM OF ACTION

Belonging to the group of Beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial Cell Wall synthesis, which ultimately leads to cell Lysis .


INDICATIONS

Ampicillin is closely related to Amoxicillin , another type of Penicillin , and both are used to treat Urinary Tract Infections , Otitis Media , uncomplicated community acquired Pneumonia , Haemophilus Influenzae , invasive Salmonella and Listeria Meningitis . It is used with Flucloxacillin in the combination antibiotic Co-fluampicil for Empiric treatment of Cellulitis ; providing cover against Group A Streptococcal Infection whilst the Flucloxacillin acts against Staphylococcus Aureus .


Use in research

Ampicillin is often used in Molecular Biology as a test for the uptake of Gene s (e.g., by Plasmid s) by bacteria (e.g., '' E. Coli ''). A gene that is to be inserted into a bacterium is coupled to a gene Coding For an ampicillin resistance (in ''E. coli'', usually the ''bla'' gene, coding for β-lactamase ). The treated bacteria are then grown on a medium containing ampicillin. Only the bacteria that successfully take up the desired genes become ampicillin resistant, and therefore contain the other desired gene as well.