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"K" REPLACING "C" It was common among spelling of America, and intended to be suggestive of Nazism , a hypothesis that the '' Oxford English Dictionary '' supports. It may additionally have been an allusion to the title of Franz Kafka 's 1927 novel '' Amerika ''. In the 1987 TV miniseries Amerika , it denoted a Soviet-conquered America. Detractors sometimes spell former president Bill Clinton 's name as "Klinton" or "Klintoon". A similar usage in language, Euskera , which does often use the letter "k", and is spoken in a region which abounds in political radicalism. This is particularly associated with Spanish Anarchist Movements . "KKK" REPLACING "C" OR "K" The most common usage of the letters "kkk" in alternative political spelling is the spelling of "America" as Amerikkka. A reference to the Ku Klux Klan , this is often done to indicate the belief that the United States or American society is fundamentally Racist , oppressive and corrupt. The earliest known usage of "Amerikkka" recorded in the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (OED) is in 1970, in a journal called ''Black World.'' Presumably, this was an extrapolation from the then already widespread "Amerika". The spelling "Amerikkka" came into greater use after the 1990 release of the Gangsta Rap album '' AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted '' by Ice Cube . The San Francisco Bay View regularly spells America as "Amerikkka". {Link without Title} , [http://www.sfbayview.com/121703/herbiehancock121703.shtml The letters "KKK" have been inserted into many other words, to indicate similar perceived racism, oppression or corruption. Common alternative spellings include:
"$" REPLACING "S"; "€" REPLACING "E"; "£" REPLACING "L" The dollar sign can be inserted in the place of the letter "S" to indicate Plutocracy , Greed , Corruption , or the perceived immoral or unethical accumulation of Money . For example:
A recent related usage is replacing "E" with the (EC) (which is used by those critical of alleged Bribery and corruption in the EC). SWASTIKA REPLACING "S" During George W. Bush 's trip to Argentina for the Summit Of The Americas in November 2005 , many protesters were seen with T-shirts and signs in which the "s" in Bush was replaced with a right-facing Swastika , in the style used by the Nazis . An earlier replacement is the Sig Rune as used by the Nazi SS . Basque Leftist Nationalists have for exampled spelled " PSOE " as PᛋᛋOE. HAMMER AND SICKLE REPLACING "C" During the preisdency of Bill Clinton , some far-right anti-Clinton protesters held signs with a hammer-and-sickle replacing the "C" in Clinton due to his perceived leftist tendencies. (This has also happened with Hillary Clinton as well.) The ACLU has also seen this treatment by its critics, being dubbed such things as "American Communist Lawyers Union" and the like. "@" REPLACING "A" AND/OR "O" Since at least 1980 , Anarchists have used the "at sign" (" @ ") as a readily handy character to represent the Circled Letter A . This has been extended to substituting it for the letter "A" as in the Crass Fanzine "Toxic Gr@fity" {Link without Title} This may have influenced the usage in Spanish and other Romance Languages of this symbol as a Politically Correct substitute for so-called Sexist Language . For example, the Spanish and Portuguese words ''"amigo"'' and ''"amiga"'' would be replaced with amig@. The character is intended to resemble a mix of the letters "o" and "a". According to the Portuguese and Spanish Grammar , this "mix" is not needed because in both languages the masculine grammatical gender is inclusive (it can refer to both males and females), but the feminine gender is exclusive (only for females). There is no English-like neuter gender in either Spanish or Portuguese. Since a hotly debated part of the former Yugoslavia is called Kosovo by Serbs and '''Kosova''' by Albanians , the spelling '''Kosov@''' was adopted by publications and groups seeking to manifest their neutrality.
HIDDEN PUNS Occasionally a word written in its orthodox spelling is altered with internal capital letters, hyphens, italics, or other devices so as to highlight a fortuitous pun. After the controversial . The same effects were also used for Bill Clinton during and after Clinton's impeachment hearings. These devices were intended to suggest that the president was merely the ''resident'' of the White House rather than the legitimate ''president'' of the US. Similarly, the controversial United States law, the '' USA PATRIOT Act '', is sometimes called the patRiot Act, '''(pat)Riot Act''', '''PAT Riot Act''' or '''PAT RIOT Act''' {Link without Title} by its opponents. The perception that membership in the United Nations is counter to US interests is denoted by the terms Un-ited Nations or EU-nited Nations (similarity to EU - European Union). Similarly, the perception that the United Nations is ineffectual (castrated) is denoted by the term EUN-ited Nations (similarity to Eunuch ). Feminist theologian Mary Daly has used a Virgule (slash) to make a point about Patriarchy : gyn/ecology, '''stag/nation''', '''the/rapist'''. {Link without Title} In French, where ''con'' is an insulting word comparable to 'damned fool', the word ''conservateur'' 'conservative' has been written con-servateur '''con… servateur''' [http://www.chantiers.org/cri.htm , or '''con(servateur)''' [http://www.france-mail-forum.de/fmf31/pol/31ruscio.htm]. ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES Intentional mis-spellings, or spellings used to emphasize Dialect , are often used to suggest illiteracy or ignorance. Thus pubblik skoolz, or '''public screwels,''' the latter initially associated with Talk Radio . Individual schools are also treated this way, "Hahvahd" and "Nucular" being well-known examples. Journalists may make a politicized Editorial Decision by choosing to differentially retain misspelled words, mispronounced words, dialect variants, or interjections. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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