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India has had a sharp increase in the estimated number of HIV infections, from thre first reported case in 1986, then escalating to several thousand in the early 1990s to around five million in 2003.

India's national epidemic is made up of a number of local epidemics, and in some places they occur within the same state. The epidemics vary, from states with mainly heterosexual transmission of HIV, often via interaction with Sex Worker s, to some states where intravenous drug use is the main route of transmission. Both tracking the epidemic and implementing effective programmes poses a serious challenge to the authorities and communities in India.

India has a large population and population density, low literacy levels and consequently low levels of awareness, and HIV/AIDS is one of the most challenging public health problems ever faced by the country. The latest study conducted in India (2006) shows a decline in the infection rate. This is especially true in case of the southern states where the reported cases with HIV has been high.


REFERENCES


  • Ekstrand Maria, Garbus Lisa and Marseille Elliot (2003) 'HIV/AIDS in India', AIDS Research Institute: AIDS Policy Research Center, University of California, San Franciso, August. http://ari.ucsf.edu/ari/policy/countries.htm

  • National AIDS Control Organization NACO (2003) 'HIV/AIDS Surveillance in India'

  • UNAIDS 2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic

  • UNPAN (2003) National AIDS Prevention and Control Policy (India) www.unpan.org

  • India 'cuts HIV infection rate' a new link to BBC site