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Orthography
I) Vowels
Stressed Vowels
The simple vowels /a,e,i,o,u/ have two pronunciations in stressed syllables, a tense (or 'short') and lax (or 'long') variant. Bowing to usage, the expressions long and short will be used in the following discussion.

1) Closed Syllable Vowels - a syllable is considered closed when it ends in a consonant. A long vowel is doubled in a closed syllable.
Short

2) Open Syllable Vowels - a syllable is considered open when it ends in a vowel. Stressed vowels are always long in an open syllable.

Unstressed Vowels

II) Diphthongs

III) Consonants
Consonants are represented by a single character (except for 'ng') and are doubled to close syllables in polysyllabic words.

/m/ as in English with 'm'
/n/ as in English with 'n'
/ŋ/ as in English with 'ng' - note this is as in si Ng er, never as in fi Ng er

/p/ as in English with 'p'
/t/ as in English with 't'
/k/ as in English with 'k'

/b/ as in English with 'b' - note that 'b' represents {Link without Title} word finally
/d/ as in English with 'p' - note that 'd' represents {Link without Title} word finally

/f/ as in Dutch with 'v'
/v/ as in Dutch with 'w'
/s/ as in English with 's'
/z/ as in English with 'z'
/x/ as in Dutch with 'g' - note though the combination 'ng' to represent /ŋ/

/r/ as in Dutch with 'r'
/l/ as in Dutch with 'l'