| Adjunct |
Article Index for Adjunct |
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In Linguistics , an adjunct is a Sentence element that establishes the circumstances in which the action or state expressed by the Verb take place. The following sentence uses adjuncts of time and place: :''Yesterday Lorna saw the dog '''in the garden'''.'' An adjunct is an Adverbial Sentence Element . It is always Extranuclear , i.e. it can be removed and a grammatically well-formed sentence remains. FORMS An adjunct can be a single word, a Phrase , or a Clause . ; Single word : ''She will leave tomorrow.'' ; Phrase : ''She will leave in the morning.'' ; Clause : ''She will leave after she has had breakfast.'' SEMANTIC FUNCTION OF ADJUNCTS Adjuncts establish circumstances for the nuclear of a sentence, which can be classified as followings: ; Temporal : Temporal adjucts establish when, for how long or how often a state or action happened or existed. He arrived yesterday. He stayed for two weeks. She drinks in that bar every day ; Locative : Locative adjucts establish where, to where or from where a state or action happened or existed. She sat on the table. She went to London. ; Modicative : Modicative adjucts establish how the action happened or the state existed, or modifying its scope. He ran with difficulty. He stood in silence He helped me with my homework. ; Causal : Causal adjucts establish the reason for, or purpose of, an action or state. The ladder collapsed because it was old. She went out to buy some bread. ; Instrumental : Instrumental adjuncts establish the instrument of the action. Mr. Bibby wrote the letter with a pencil. ; Agentive : Agentive adjuncts establish the agent of the action. The letter was written by Mr. Bibby. ; Conditional : Conditional adjuncts establish the condition in which sentence becomes true. I would go to Paris, if I had the money. ; Concessive : Concessive adjuncts establish the contrary circumstances. Lorna went out although it was raining. ADJUNCT AND ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENT DISTINGUISHED An adjunct must always be a removable, i.e. extranuclear, element in the sentence. In the sentence below ''in the park'' can be removed and a well-formed sentence remains. John drank a beer in the park. In the sentence below, however, ''in the park'' is part of the nucleus of the sentence and cannot be removed. It is thus not an adjunct but an adverbial complement. John is in the park. SEE ALSO |
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