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In , Philadelphia and other eastern cities. By 1847, he had penetrated deeply into the South , and by 1850 he was shipping by rail and Stagecoach to St. Louis . In 1854, the company was reorganized as the Adams Express Company. Meanwhile, a subsidiary concern, Adams & Company of California, had been organized in 1850 and spread its service all over the Pacific Coast ; but not being under Adams' personal management, it was badly handled, and failed in 1854, causing a panic which shook California to its depths. The South was almost entirely covered by the Adams express service in 1861, when the American Civil War necessitated the splitting off of another company, which, for politic reasons, was given the name of Southern. There was a mysterious kinship between the two ever afterward, they having joint offices at common points. Southern stock was never quoted in the market, and it was even charged by some Adams stockholders that the Southern was secretly owned by the Adams. The Parent Company held a strong position from New England and the mid-Atlantic coast to the far Western Plains . Its stock holdings were enormous. In 1910, it was the second largest stockholder in the Pennsylvania Railroad and the third largest in the New Haven Railroad , besides owning large blocks of American Express , Norfolk And Western Railroad and other shares. Its Antebellum employment of Allan Pinkerton to solve its Robbery problems was a large factor in building up the noted Pinkerton National Detective Agency . Along with the other expresses, it merged its shipping interests into the American Railway Express Company , but continued its corporate existence as a wealthy investment trust. REFERENCES
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