| Acid Chloride |
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| acyl chlorides | |
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In Organic Chemistry , an acyl chloride (or '''acid chloride''') is an Organic Compound which is a reactive derivative of a Carboxylic Acid . As part of its molecular structure, an acyl chloride has the reactive Functional Group '''- CO - Cl '''. An acyl chloride has the general formula RCOCl where R is an Organic Radical group. Acyl chlorides are a subset of Acyl Halides and undergo many of the Chemical Reaction s mentioned under Acyl Halide . A specific example of an acyl chloride is Acetyl Chloride ( IUPAC name: ethanoyl chloride) CH3COCl. CHEMICAL REACTIONS Acid chlorides are very reactive. The presence of the , an Alcohol , or an Amine respectively. Acid chlorides will also react with Water or a Gilman Reagent (lithium diorganocopper compound). In most of these reactions, HCl ( Hydrogen Chloride or Hydrochloric Acid ) is also formed. HAZARDS Because acyl chlorides are such reactive compounds, they are generally Toxic and special precautions should be taken while handling them. They are Lachrymatory chemicals because they can react with water at the surface of the eye producing hydrochloric and organic acids irritating to the eye. Similar problems can result if one inhales acyl chloride vapors. SYNTHESIS Acyl chlorides are often prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid with Thionyl Chloride . :R-COOH + SOCl2 → R-COCl + SO2 + HCl The Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) generated are both gases which can leave the reaction vessel, driving the reaction forward. They are also both Toxic gases. Acyl chlorides can also be prepared using certain Phosphorus Chloride Reagent s such as Phosphorus Trichloride or Phosphorus Pentachloride . |
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