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The Court in Abbott II explicitly limited the Abbott programs and reforms to a class of school districts identified as "poorer urban districts" or "special needs districts." In 1997, these districts became known as "Abbott districts." The Court identified the specific factors used to designate districts as "Abbott districts." These districts:

  • must be classified by the Department of Education as urban;

  • must be those with the lowest socio-economic status, thus assigned to the lowest categories on the New Jersey Department Of Education 's District Factor Groups (DFG) scale;

  • "evidence of substantive failure of thorough and efficient education;" including "failure to achieve what the DOE considers passing levels of performance on the High School Proficiency Assessment ( HSPA );"

  • have a large percentage of disadvantaged students who need "an education beyond the norm;"

  • existence of an "excessive tax {Link without Title} municipal services" in the locality where the district is located; and

  • have a large percentage of students of color.


Using these factors, the Court in Abbott II identified 28 districts as Abbott districts. The Court also gave the New Jersey Legislature or the Commissioner Of Education the authority to classify additional districts as Abbott districts based on these factors, which would then entitle the children to the Abbott programs and reforms. In 1998, the Legislature classified 2 additional districts, bringing the present total of Abbott districts to 30.

The following school districts are currently identified as Abbott Districts:



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