|
| |
여의도 순복음 교회
|
| |
汝矣島 純福音 敎會
|
| |
Yeouido Sunbogeum Gyohoe
|
| |
Yŏŭido Sunbogŭm Kyohoe
|
is a
Pentecostal Christian Church on
Yeouido Island in
Seoul ,
South Korea . Numbering over 800 000 members in
2006 , it is the largest known congregation of
Christian adherents in the world. Founded and led by
Dr David Yonggi Cho since
1958 , it is one of the most internationally visible manifestations of
Korean Christianity .
The Yoido Full Gospel Church was founded by
Dr David Yonggi Cho and
Mrs Choi Ja-shil (최자실) , both
Assemblies Of God pastors. On
May 15 1958 , a worship service was held in the home of Choi Ja-shil. Apart from the two pastors, only Choi Ja-shil's three daughters (one of whom later married David Yonggi Cho) and one elderly woman, who had come in to escape from the rain, attended the first service. The two pastors began a vigorous campaign of knocking on doors, providing spiritual and humanitarian help to the poor, and praying for the sick. Within months, the church had grown to fifty members, too many to accommodate in Choi Ja-shil's living room. Worship services were accordingly moved to a tent pitched in her backyard. As the church continued to grow over the following months and years, the church outgrew one tent after another. These tents were paid for by the two pastors (who were not salaried), supported by the meager offerings of parishioners, most of whom were poor themselves.
Pastor David Yonggi Cho began preaching on the
Three-Fold Blessing (the blessing of the spirit, soul, and body), proclaiming that physical health and financial prosperity are as much a part of God's will for Christians as the salvation of the soul. Inspired by his message of hope, many previously uncommitted people joined the church, and by the beginning of
1961 , membership had grown to a thousand. Having grown too large for its tent, the church purchased its first plot of land, at
Seodaemun (서대문).
The church's plans for expansion suffered a setback when Pastor Cho was called up for mandatory military service. Fortunately for the church, he was assigned to an American Army base near Seoul, allowing him to continue with his Sunday preaching, with the help of
John Thurston , an American missionary. Cho's spell in the army turned out to be short-lived, as ill-health required a major operation and a subsequent discharge from the army. Although ill, Cho continued to pastor the church, and on
15 October 1961 , an inaugural service was held in the new auditorium that had been built on the plot of land the church had purchased at Seodaemun. It was named the Full Gospel Revival Center.
Church membership continued to grow, reaching three thousand by
1964 and eight thousand by
1968 . Three Sunday services proved insufficient to accommodate the crowds, and latecomers were forced to sit or stand outside in the parking lot and listen to the service over the loudspeakers. Overworked, Cho continued to be plagued by ill health, and he suffered a physical collapse while leading a baptismal service one Sunday. Realizing that the burden was too much for one person, Cho decided to restructure the church. Implementing a plan that he said had been revealed to him by God, Cho divided the city of Seoul into zones, with church members in each zone comprising a "cell" that would meet on a weekday for worship and bible study in the home of a "cell leader." Cell members were encouraged to invite their friends to attend cell meetings to learn about Christianity. Each cell leader was instructed to train an assistant. When cell membership reached a certain number, it would be divided, with about half of its members joining the new cell led by the person who had been the assistant. Cho later wrote a book in English about this concept of "cell multiplication", which has since been emulated by churches throughout the world.
Some of Cho's methods were controversial. He believed that women would make ideal cell leaders, having both the time and the desire to make home visits to other members, something that many men, for reasons pertaining to Korean culture as it was at that time, were unwilling to do. His decision to appoint women as cell leaders, however, went against the grain of Korean culture, which at that time was not open to the idea of women leading groups that had male members. He persisted, however, and the cell concept turned out to be an outstanding success. From 125 cells in
1967 , the church has grown to several thousand cells today.
Aside from restructuring as a cell-based church, a Women's Fellowship was started in
1960 , followed by a Men's Fellowship in
1963 , to enable lay members to serve the church in a wide range of volunteer capacities. A church magazine, "Faith" was also started in
1967 . Containing Bible studies, testimonies, and evangelistic messages, this monthly periodical soon spread far beyond Seoul.
Membership continued to
Grow Exponentially , reaching ten thousand in the early
1970s . Having outgrown its Seodaemun premises, the church began looking for a new place to build.
Yoido Island (여의도), in the middle of the
Han River which winds its way through the heart of Seoul, was at that time little more than sand dunes, without even a bridge to connect it to the city of Seoul. It seemed an unlikely place to build a large church. How would the congregation be able to travel to and from the island? Believing that he had heard from God, however, Cho and the other leaders of the church decided to purchase a plot of land on Yoido Island. Economic problems, including the
1973 "oil shock" which led to spiraling inflation and the loss of jobs for many church members, delayed construction of the new auditorium. However, it was finally finished in
1973 , and its inaugural worship service was held on
19 August of that year. A month later, Full Gospel Central Church, as it was now known, hosted the 10th
Pentecostal World Conference at the
Hyo-chang Stadium . Fifty-five thousand attended, including five thousand foreigners.
Membership of Full Gospel Central Church reached fifty thousand by
1977 , a figure which doubled in only two years. On
30 November 1981 , membership topped 200 000. By this time, it was the largest church in the world and was recognized as such by the
Los Angeles Times . A special worship service was held to celebrate this milestone, with
Demos Shakarian , President of the
Full Gospel Businessmen's Fellowship International as the guest speaker.
Beginning in the
1980s , Full Gospel Central Church decided to establish satellite churches throughout the city of Seoul and further afield, as it would not be able to keep on expanding indefinitely. Despite the expansion of the auditorium to seat twenty-five thousand in
1983 , seven Sunday services were insufficient to accommodate the entire membership. As exponential growth continued unabated, reaching an incredible 700 000 by
1992 , the need for satellite churches became more pressing. Despite the drain of members to the satellite churches, however, new recruits by the mother church - brought in through the vast cell network - have made up for the losses, and membership stood at 780 000 in
2003 . The church, which was renamed Yoido Full Gospel Church in the
1990s , currently has plans to establish up to five thousand satellite churches by
2010 .
Yoido Full Gospel Church has established many ministries as part of its outreach program, both locally and internationally. There are too many to cover in such a short article, but a representative sample follows:
- In March 1973 , the Osanri Prayer Mountain was founded. Comprising tiny cubicles in which people may lock themselves to fast and pray, Prayer Mountain now receives more than a million visitors a year, including some 50,000 foreigners.
- In November 1976 , Church Growth International , an organization dedicated to teaching the principles of evangelism and church growth to pastors all over the world, was established.
- A ten-story World Evangelical Center , an educational institution attached to the church, was opened on 20 January 1977 .
- A television studio, opened on 31 December 1981 , was built to broadcast the worship services both nationally and internationally.
- The Full Gospel Educational Research Institute , now the International Theological Institute , to promote evangelism and theological training.
- In January 1986 , Elim Welfare Town , a facility for the elderly, the young, the homeless, and the unemployed, was set up under the auspices of the church. The latter would be given training and a choice of four occupations. In March of the same year, the church established Hansei University .
In March
1996 , the
Seoul Logos Company published a 21-volume collection of Pastor David Yonggi Cho's sermons, delivered over his ministry of thirty-eight years. What the church regarded as a crowning honour came in September
1992 , when Pastor Cho was elected Chairman of the
World Assemblies Of God Fellowship . This was the first time that international leadership of the denomination of fifty million members in sixty countries had passed out of American hands. He served in this capacity until August
2000 . Pastor David Yonggi Cho, now assisted by a total of 171 associate pastors and 356 lay pastors, continues to lead the Yoido Full Gospel Church, whose status as the world's largest congregation has been recognized by the
Guinness Book Of World Records .
Some regard the teachings of the church as divergent from mainstream Christianity, in that it teaches that salvation brings material wealth. This church has been criticised for cult similarities and divergence/heresy by the
Rick A. Ross Institute , a non-profit organisation dedicated to giving public information about cults and strange religious groups. The Rick A. Ross Institute documents suggest that this church is a mixture of
Korean Shamanism , Christianity and Yonggi Cho's own ideas.
