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Watership Down




For the hill named Watership Down, see Watership Down, Hampshire .

For the 1978 animated film see Watership Down (film) .

''Watership Down'' is the title of Richard Adams 's first and most successful Novel . The novel is about a group of Rabbit s and is named after A Hill in the north of Hampshire England . This is also the area where Adams grew up. Initially, the story was based on a collection of tales that Adams told to his young children on trips to the countryside. The book endured 13 rejections from publishers before finally being published in the United Kingdom by Rex Collings Ltd in 1972 .

The rabbits in the story are significantly less Anthropomorphized than typical fictional animals; they do not posses any technology or wear clothing, and have the physical attributes and instincts of their real-life wild counterparts. Nevertheless, they are depicted as Sapient and capable of speaking to one another. Furthermore, the author has gone so far as to construct a culture for his rabbits, including a language ( Lapine ), proverbs, Poetry and Mythology . More than one chapter consists of pieces of rabbit lore.

''Watership Down'' is often referred to a classic example of Xenofiction . Many editions also include an appendix of Lapine vocabulary. It can thus be considered not an animal Fable like the works of Aesop but a genuine Heroic Fantasy .


STORY

''Watership Down'' tells the story of a group of rebellious Rabbit s who — against the wishes of their Chief Rabbit — escape from their threatened Warren . The story follows their subsequent adventures. They find sanctuary in a warren on the Down for which the book is titled, but the story continues after this.


Synopsis (with spoilers)

The book opens with the runt rabbit Fiver forseeing the destruction of the warren. He and his brother, Hazel, try to warn the Chief Rabbit but are turned away. Hazel, who knows Fiver's sixth sense well, organizes a group of dissatisfied rabbits to leave the warren, including his friend Bigwig, who is castigated by the Chief Rabbit for believing Hazel. The dissatisfied group is confronted by the warren's military leader, Holly, but successfully fight him off. The rabbits wander dejected, but Hazel's leadership keeps the band alive and together.

Throughout their journey the rabbits encounter dangers created by humans, by the natural world, and by their own kind. At one point they stumble upon an apparently idyllic warren of beautiful, well-fed rabbits who invite Hazel's group to stay. The rabbits apparently lack the wild, scrabble life of normal rabbits, and have been able to partake in arts and poetry, although in sharp contrast to wild rabbits they have turned from the teachings of El-Ahrairah , the revered mythological rabbit prince.

But Fiver sees the warren for what it is - a repressed society in which the rabbits live under the unspoken understanding that they are being harvested by the local farmer.

Eventually the rabbits reach a haven, 'Watership Down', a land where they build and establish their own warren. As they learn upon their arrival, they were just in time to leave their old warren; Holly and another survivor, Bluebell, catch up with them and tell them of the warren's horrible destruction by human hands.

Yet even then they must face the problem of furthering their own society. And soon their greatest threat is the presence and investigations of a nearby warren, Efrafa, which is run by a Totalitarian and is heavily policed by a regime led by General Woundwort. In order to continue their own warren they must persuade others to join them, but only under the terrible risk of their own destruction by Efrafa.

Eventually, the rabbits manage to infiltrate and convince several does from Efrafa, which has become too large, crowded, and stressful for them to breed anymore, to join their warren. General Woundwort, angered that his warren could have been infiltrated, leads a militaristic attack against the Watership Down warren. Ultimately, Bigwig's superior strength and wit manages to defeat Woundwort in combat, and Hazel leads a dog into the warren to destroy the rest of Efrafa's forces.

By the end of the book, Watership Down and Efrafa (under new leadership) have become friendly and build a new neighboring warren together.


CHARACTERS

Most of the rabbits in the book have a distinct personality.

The original group that leaves the Sandleford warren, all Buck s, consists of the following. (The names are the forms that most commonly appear in the book. These are mostly nicknames: where they have an original "Lapine" name, it is given in parentheses along with its meaning in that language.)
  • Hazel, the Leader , eventually '''Hazel-rah''', the Chief Rabbit. Quiet, but has a talent for bringing out the best in his subordinates.

  • Fiver (Hrairoo, "Little Thousand", hrair is any uncountable large number, and since rabbits can only count to four the fifth kitten in a litter is the thousandth), Hazel's little brother. Small and weak but also the Seer .

  • Dandelion, the Storyteller and the fastest rabbit.

  • Blackberry, the Thinker .

  • Bigwig ( Thlayli , "Fur-head"), the best fighter and the strongest rabbit of the group. A member of the Owsla (ruling elite) of '''Sandleford warren'''.

  • Silver, with silver fur. The main fighter besides Bigwig, and also a member of the Sandleford Owsla. He is also the Sandleford Chief Rabbit's nephew.

  • Buckthorn, also a fighter.

  • Pipkin (Hlao, "Depression in grass" affectionately Hlao-roo), small and weak but also very loyal to Hazel.

  • Speedwell, '''Acorn''', '''Hawkbit''', who are rather unremarkable, soldiers rather than officers.


They are later joined by:
  • Strawberry, from Cowslip's warren.

  • Holly, former Captain of the Sandleford Owsla and a capable fighter.

  • Bluebell, the jokester, a rabbit of Sandleford warren who ends up following after Holly.

  • Three hutch rabbits: one buck (Boxwood) and two does ('''Haystack''' and '''Clover'''). (Another buck, '''Laurel''', is left behind).

  • Blackavar, Efrafan Rebel and prisoner.

  • Eight Efrafan does (originally ten, but two died during the escape from Efrafa). Most notable among the surviving does are Hyzenthlay ("Shine-dew-fur," Fur shining like dew), '''Thethuthinnang''' (Movement of Leaves) and '''Vilthuril'''.


Non-rabbit allies:

Enemies:
  • General Woundwort , a militaristic rabbit warlord.

  • Vervain , Woundwort's lieutenant and commander of his Owslafa .

  • Captain Campion, a superb tracker and leader of Woundwort's wide patrols.

  • Cowslip, the leader of a warren of rabbits who are 'harvested' for food by a human.

  • Various Elil (predators) who are the enemies of all rabbits. Elil are termed 'the Thousand'.



INTERPRETATION AND INFLUENCE

''Watership Down'' is notable as an Ensemble story, with multiple protagonists who each serve a useful function under quietly competent leadership.
Although Adams has always stated that the book was intended to be a children's story, many fans see the book as a political allegory attacking who becomes the story's principal antagonist.

Myxomatosis (or in Lapine terminology, "The white blindness"), a terrible and highly infectious rabbit disease, is referred to early in the book. It was a threat that could have destroyed the Sandleford warren if not for the tough but reasonable leadership of the chief rabbit, who cast out any rabbits showing signs of sickness. The original impetus for General Woundwort keeping the Efrafan warren under tight control is to guard it against the dreaded illness. However, his strict measures went over the top and the Efrafan rabbits found themselves living under a military dictatorship where they cannot even leave the burrows without presence of guards. The underlying message (as it is often interpreted) is that societies overrun with fear are more susceptible to accepting leadership that purports to offer safety in place of liberty.

Adams has gone so far as to state that the personalities of the two principal hero rabbits, Hazel and Bigwig , are based on fellow officers he knew while a Paratrooper during World War II .

Adams' father makes a Cameo appearance (as "Doctor Adams") near the end of the book, in a chapter entitled "Dea Ex Machina" after the Deus Ex Machina literary technique.

''Watership Down'' has become a Modern Classic and won the Carnegie Medal in 1972. In 1978 the book was adapted as An Acclaimed Animated Film , directed by Martin Rosen . In 1999 , an Animated Television Series , '' Watership Down '', was also coproduced by Martin Rosen.

  • ''Watership Down'' is Penguin Books ' best selling book of all time.


  • In 1996 , Adams wrote a sequel of sorts, a collection of linked short stories titled '' Tales From Watership Down ''. This book provided much of the basis for the 1999 TV series.


  • In 2003 , ''Watership Down'' came 42nd in a public vote for the 100 greatest books of all time taken by the BBC .



CULTURAL REFERENCES

  • The RPG '' Bunnies And Burrows '' is unofficially based on ''Watership Down''.

  • ''Watership Down'' has been credited by George Lucas for providing inspiration in creating a "fictional universe" in '' Star Wars ''.

  • The ABC Television show '' Lost '' references ''Watership Down'' by having the fictional character Sawyer read the book on that show, in the episode entitled "White Rabbit," and the episode "Deus Ex Machina" has a name similar to that of a chapter of ''Watership Down.'' Also the First Season has similarities to the novel. The "White Rabbit" episode's title is actually culled from another classic children's book, "Alice in Wonderland."

  • The Director's Cut version of Donnie Darko includes references to and clips from the ''Watership Down'' movie.

  • On The Colbert Report , Stephen Colbert keeps a copy on a bookshelf labeled "non-fiction".

  • In , when Gromit turns on the van's radio in one scene, the song " Bright Eyes " from the ''Watership Down'' movie is heard.

  • In the Stephen King novel titled '' The Stand '', one of the main characters, Stu Redman, has read Watership Down and uses the book's concept of "going tharn", or freezing in catatonic panic, to describe how another character makes him feel as Stu tries to escape the Vermont plague facility holding him captive. Later, Stu says that another character, Harold Lauder reminds him of Silver, or Silverweed.

  • In the revised version of King's novel '' The Gunslinger '', some rabbits are described as being at silflay, which is lapine-language for grazing.



EDITIONS

There have been over 300 editions of Watership Down in English - these are just a few of the ones known.


UK editions

  • ISBN 0140306013 (Puffin, Paperback , 1973 )

  • ISBN 0140039589 ( Penguin , paperback, 1974 )

  • ISBN 0140364536 (Puffin Modern Classics, paperback, 1993 )

  • ISBN 0141186666 (Penguin Modern Classics, paperback, 2001 )



US editions



TRANSLATIONS

  • Danish : Kaninbjerget (The Rabbit Mountain)

  • French : Les Garennes de Watership Down (The Warrens of Watership Down)

  • German : Unten am Fluss (Down by the River)

  • )

  • Italian : La collina dei conigli (The Rabbits' Hill)

  • Japanese : ウォーターシップ・ダウンのうさぎたち (Watership Down no Usagi-tachi/The Rabbits of Watership Down)

  • Korean : 워터십 다운의 토끼 (Woteosip daunui tokki, Rabbit(s) of Watership Down) and 워터십 다운의 열한 마리 토끼 (Woteoship daunui yeolhan mari tokki, Eleven Rabbits of Watership Down)

  • Polish : Wodnikowe wzgorze (Aquarius Hill)

  • Spanish : La Colina de Watership (Watership Hill)

  • Swedish : Den långa flykten (The Long Escape)

  • Finnish : Ruohometsän kansa (Folk of the Grass Forest)

  • Dutch : Waterschapsheuvel (Watership Hill)

  • or Watership Ridge )

  • Hebrew : גבעת ווטרשיפ (Watership Hill)

  • Portuguese : A Longa Jornada (The Long Journey)

  • Norwegian : Flukten til Watership (The Escape to Watership)



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