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A week is a Unit of Time longer than a Day and shorter than a Month . In most modern Calendar s, including the Gregorian Calendar , the week is a period of seven days, making it the longest conventionally used time unit that contains a fixed number of days. Although having no direct Astronomical basis, it is widely used as a unit of time, especially in the social and commercial context. Weeks can be thought of as forming an independent continuous calendar running in parallel with various other ic calendar had years of 52 or 53 weeks. THE WEEK AS INDICATOR OF MARKET DAY Although seven day weeks are common to all modern societies now, Anthropologists note that weeks of other durations (varying from three to eight days) are found in many pre-modern societies. They also observe that the name for "week" is often the same for "market day", suggesting the concept of a week is likely to arise in any agrarian or pre-agrarian society where people have marketplaces or market days. http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/W/WE/WEEK.htm In sparsely populated areas where trade is not conducted every day it is essential that farmers and consumers agree in advance on what day they will meet, especially if the walk to market takes several hours or days. The ''week'' (meaning a fixed count of days) was much simpler and more precise way of doing this when compared with a Lunar Calendar -based system or a system based on the seasonal rotation of the Celestial Sphere . The only disadvantage was the week was not "heavenly", being based on the count of mere men rather on the motion of the moon and stars. In the traditional seven-day week, this shortcoming is overcome by assigning the sun, moon, and the five planets known to the ancients (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) each to a specific day of the week. ORIGIN OF THE SEVEN-DAY WEEK used for the planets or the days of the week]]The seven-day week became established in both the West and East according to different paths: Babylonian, Hindu, and Jewish seven-day week
Chinese seven-day week The Chinese use of the seven day week (and thus Korean , Japanese , Tibetan , and Vietnamese use) traces back to Babylonian Calendar imported by Jesuit in the 16th Century . Thus the 19th Century Japanese, when encountering Europeans for the first time, were surprised to find their own names for the days of the week corresponded to the English names (and in fact were better preservations of the original Babylonian concepts, the English day names having been conflated with heros from Norse Mythology ). By contrast, the Japanese names refer to the Chinese Sun, Moon, and the five planets. The only difference is that the planets in the Japanese week have Chinese names based on the 'Five Elements' (not including Sun and Moon) rather than pagan gods. Days of the Week in Chinese, Japanese, and Vietnamese LATER USE OF THE WEEK Various groups of citizens of the Roman Empire adopted the week, especially those who had spent time in the eastern parts of the empire, such as Egypt , where the 7-day week was in use. Contemporaneously, Christians , following the biblical instruction, spread the week's use along with their religion. As the early Christians evolved from being Jewish to being a distinct group, various groups evolved from celebrating both the Jewish Sabbath (Saturday) and the first day or the Lord's Day (Sunday), to celebrating only Sunday. ''See: Sabbath (Christian); Shabbat (Jewish).'' In the early 4th Century , the Roman Emperor Constantine regulated the use of the week due to a problem of the myriad uses of various days for religious observance, and established Sunday as the day for religious observance and rest for all groups, not just those Christians and others who were already observing Sunday. The Jews of the 4th century retained their tradition of ''Saturday'' observance, by then 800 to 1700 years old, and continue to do so. Later, after the establishment of Islam , ''Friday'' became that religion's day of observance. The seven-day week soon became a practice among Christians , Jew s, and Muslims . Following Europe an Colonization and the subsequent rise of Global Corporate Business , the seven-day week has become universal in keeping time, even in cultures that did not practise it before. Because of the two-day Weekend , some modern calendars end the week on Sunday and begin it on Monday. The international standard ISO 8601 also defines Monday as the first day of the week. In practice, this means that calendar formats disagree, and that "next week" said on Sunday means "the week beginning tomorrow". In that international standard, the "first week of the year" is that week which includes the first Thursday of the year. This way the first week of the year does not start with a long weekend (Friday to Sunday), as the New Year's Day itself is a holiday in many countries. FACTS AND FIGURES
In a Gregorian mean year there are exactly 365.2425 days, and thus exactly 52.1775 weeks (unlike the Julian Year of 365.25 days, which does not contain a number of weeks represented by a finite decimal expansion). There are exactly 20871 weeks in 400 Gregorian years, so 25 December 1605 was a Sunday just like 25 December 2005 . A system of Dominical Letter s has been used to determine the day of week in the Gregorian or the Julian Calendar . WEEK NUMBER ISO 8601 includes a numbering system for weeks; each week is associated with the year in which Thursday occurs. Thus, for example, week 1 of 2004 (2004W01) ran from Monday 29 December 2003 to Sunday, 4 January 2004 . The highest week number in a year may be 52 or 53. This style of numbering is commonly used (for example, by businesses) in some European countries, but rare elsewhere. The numbering system in different countries may deviate from the international ISO standard. There are at least six possibilitieshttp://www.pjh2.de/datetime/weeknumber/wnd.php?l=en#Legend Calendar Weeks : SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS BIBLIOGRAPHY
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