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ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVEGUIDES Waveguides can be constructed to carry waves over a wide portion of the Electromagnetic Spectrum , but are especially useful in the Microwave and Optical frequency ranges. Depending on the frequency, they can be constructed from either Conductive or Dielectric materials. Waveguides are used for transferring both Power and communication signals. OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES See Also: Waveguide (optics) Waveguides used at optical frequencies are dielectric waveguides, structures in which a non-conductive material with high Permittivity , and thus high Index Of Refraction , is surrounded by a material with lower permittivity. The structure guides optical waves by Total Internal Reflection . The most common optical waveguide is Optical Fiber . ACOUSTIC WAVEGUIDES See Also: Waveguide (acoustics) HISTORY The waveguide concept was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1893 and experimentally verified by O. J. Lodge in 1894 using electromagnetic waveguides?; The mathematical analysis of the electromagnetic? propagating modes within a hollow metal cylinder was first performed by Lord Rayleigh in 1897 . (McLachan, 1947.) SEE ALSO
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