Voiceless Postalveolar Affricate

The voiceless palato-alveolar fricative or '''domed postalveolar affricate''' is a type of Consonant al sound used in some Spoken Language s. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Ligature , or two symbols , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is {Link without Title} . Alternatives commonly used in linguistic works, particularly in older or American literature, are č and more rarely tš. It is familiar to English speakers as the 'ch' sound in child.

Historically, this sound often derives from a former Voiceless Velar Plosive (k, as in English , Mandarin Chinese , and Romance Languages ), or a Voiceless Dental Plosive (t, as in Japanese ) by way of palatalization, especially next to a Front Vowel .

FEATURES

Features of the voiceless domed postalveolar affricate:

Its Manner Of Articulation is Sibilant Affricate , which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency Turbulence .

Its Place Of Articulation is ''palato-alveolar'', that is, domed (partially Palatalized ) Postalveolar , which means it is articulated with the front of the Tongue behind the Alveolar Ridge , and the body of the tongue bunched up ("domed") at the Palate .

Its Phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.

It is an Oral Consonant , which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.

It is a Central Consonant , which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.

The Airstream Mechanism is Pulmonic Egressive , which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the Lung s and through the vocal tract, rather than from the Glottis or the mouth.

IN ENGLISH

An Aspirated and slightly Labialized voiceless palato-alveolar affricate occurs in English , and it is the sound denoted by the Digraph Ch in ''chip''.

IN PORTUGUESE

In Brazilian Portuguese , the phoneme Voiceless Alveolar Plosive has the allophone before Close Front Unrounded Vowel (spelled as ''i'' or unstressed ''e''). A similar change converts Voiced Alveolar Plosive#Portuguese into in the same environment.

IN OTHER LANGUAGES

Various types of postalveolar affricates are present with the following spellings in these languages. (Not all palato-alveolar.)

tx in Basque and Catalan

cs in Hungarian (see Hungarian Cs )

ch in Spanish and Quiché

zh ( Unaspirated ) and '''ch''' ( Aspirated ) in Mandarin Pinyin ( Retroflex )

cz in Polish ( Retroflex )

ç in Turkish and Albanian

ċ in Maltese

č in Czech , Slovak , Croatian , Slovenian , Lithuanian , Latvian , and in Karelian , Northern Sami , Skolt Sami , and Inari Sami .

c followed by i or e in Italian and Romanian , as well as the church pronunciation of Latin

ч in Bulgarian , Belarusian , Macedonian , Serbian , Russian and Ukrainian

چ in Persian and Urdu

च (unaspirated) and '''छ''' (aspirated) in Sanskrit , Hindi , and other languages written in Devanagari

চ (unaspirated) and '''ছ''' (aspirated) in Bengali

ㅈ (unaspirated) and '''ㅊ''' (aspirated) in Korean

in Amharic

tch in loans in French

tsch in loans in German

k(j), '''tj''' and sometimes also '''hj''' in Faroese

č or '''tš''' in loans Estonian

tš in foreign transcriptions in Finnish (unknown in Finnish itself)

ts if in the Weak Grade , in the Kalevala transcription of Karelian Finnish, e.g. ''metsä'' – ''metsän'' [me.ʧæn . [http://www.karuse.info/mitta.htm]

Also, some constructed languages and alphabets include unusual orthographies, such as ĉ in Esperanto or something resembling '''ч''' in Klingon .

The following are often mistakenly thought to be this sound: Dutch tj; Mandarin '''j''', '''q''' (in Pinyin ); Russian '''ч'''; Japanese '''ち''', and Thai '''จ''', '''ฉ''', '''ช''', and '''ฌ'''. These are actually Alveolo-palatal or, in the case of Dutch tj, Prepalatal , in Russian it's palatalized. In Swedish , pronunciation of tj varies, but this affricate is interchangeable and does not contrast with tj, and is actually the standard pronunciation in some varieties of Finland-Swedish .

SEE ALSO

List Of Phonetics Topics

Information About

Voiceless Postalveolar Affricate