Voiceless Alveolar Fricative

The voiceless alveolar fricatives are Consonant al sounds. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a Sibilant or non-sibilant fricative is being described.

The symbol for the alveolar sibilant is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is s. The IPA symbol {Link without Title} is not normally used for Dental or Postalveolar sibilants unless modified by a Diacritic ( and respectively).

The IPA symbol for the alveolar non-sibilant fricative is derived by means of diacritics; it can be or , or it can be , using the alveolar diacritic from the Extended IPA. (Pandeli et al 1997)

THE VOICELESS ALVEOLAR SIBILANT

The voiceless alveolar sibilant is one of the most common consonants. If a language has fricatives, it will most likely have an (Maddieson, 1984). However, [s is absent from Australian Aboriginal Languages , where fricatives are rare, and the few languages that have developed fricatives do not have sibilants.

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolar sibilant:

Its Manner Of Articulation is Sibilant Fricative , which means it is produced by directing air flow through a groove in the tongue at the place of articulation and directing it over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency Turbulence .

Its Place Of Articulation is Alveolar , which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue against the Alveolar Ridge , termed respectively '' Apical '' and '' Laminal ''.

Its Phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.

It is an Oral Consonant , which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.

It is a Central Consonant , which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.

The Airstream Mechanism is Pulmonic Egressive , which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the Lung s and through the vocal tract, rather than from the Glottis or the mouth.

In English

The voiceless alveolar sibilant occurs in English , and it is the sound denoted by the letter 's' in ''sit'' or ''pass''. When a plosive such as [t or follows the [s sound, it becomes De-aspirated , sounding closer to a non-voiced [d or [g].

THE VOICELESS ALVEOLAR NON-SIBILANT FRICATIVE

Features

The features of the voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative are identical to those above, except that,

Its Manner Of Articulation is simple Fricative , which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing Turbulence , but without the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant.

Found in

;English
The voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative can occur, as an Allophone of , in some accents of English , including Hiberno-English and Scouse , the dialect spoken in Liverpool . (Honeybone 2001, Marotta and Barth 2005, Pandeli et al 1997.)

;Icelandic
The Icelandic letter þ (thorn) is used for this sound. Þ occurs at the beginning of a word, while the Voiced Alveolar Non-sibilant Fricative ð occurs elsewhere. (Old English used the letters þ and ð (eth) indiscrimately for both the Voiceless and Voiced Dental Fricative , which had a similar Allophonic distribution; in modern English both are replaced by the diagraph "th".) Icelandic is Laminal , whereas is usually Apical .

Icelandic ''þakið'' "roof".

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Voiceless Alveolar Fricative