is a
Spaceline in
Sir Richard Branson 's
Virgin Group , which plans to offer
Sub-orbital Spaceflight s and later
Orbital Spaceflight s to the paying public.
Virgin Galactic plans to fly 500 passengers a year at about
US$ 200,000 to an altitude of over 100 km with a total
Weightless time of 7 minutes.
Only about
500 People have been off the planet and gained their
Astronaut Wings since spaceflight began in the
1960s , and even fewer have orbited the Earth. Current commercial flights to space, provided by the
Russian Space Agency , cost roughly US$20 million for a six-day orbital flight.
After talks throughout
2004 , on
September 24 2004 Virgin Galactic signed a deal worth up to US$21 million with
Mojave Aerospace Ventures to license the
Intellectual Property behind the
Tier One project for purposes of
Space Tourism . The deal was announced by Branson and
Burt Rutan on
September 27 2004 at the
Royal Aeronautical Society in London. The initial plan is for Rutan to design and build five
Suborbital tourist craft based on a scaled-up version of
SpaceShipOne . Construction began in 2005, with six months of intensive testing (comprising at least 50-100 test flights) planned for 2007.
It is planned that the spacecraft are to be robust and affordable enough to take paying passengers. Initially planned to be a
Pilot ed craft accommodating five passengers, it is now projected to be a six passenger, two pilot craft. It will make suborbital flights lasting three hours overall, with about seven minutes of weightlessness. It is intended that passengers will be able to release themselves from their seats and float around the cabin to truly experience weightlessness.
It will fly a little higher than SpaceShipOne in order to make the experience longer and even more impressive.
SpaceShipTwo is the name of the prototype of the Virgin craft. Virgin Galactic has contracted with
The Spaceship Company (owned by Virgin Group and
Scaled ) to build five SpaceShipTwos and two
WhiteKnightTwo s.
The spacecraft are to be named using the prefix ("Virgin SpaceShip"). The first craft is to be
VSS ''Enterprise'' , in an acknowledged nod to ''
Star Trek ''
's
USS ''Enterprise'' ; the second, possibly named after
The ''Star Trek'' Craft or
The Spaceprobe , is expected to be named
VSS ''Voyager'' .
Branson has suggested an initial ticket price of US$200,000 for a suborbital tourist flight, including a week of flight training. Following an email survey sent to a Virgin Galactic mailing-list, including the question, "Would you consider putting down a deposit for a ride when we are ready for you to do so?", the company has stated that at this price they estimate a market of 7,000 potential passengers (a claim
disputed by some), to fly over a five-year period starting as early as
2008 . Furthermore, they believe that over a five-year period only 5,000 passengers would be needed in order to be profitable. Profits from early flights would be reinvested to make space tourism more affordable. Among those reported to have told Branson that they wished to be among the first to fly on the spacecraft are ''Star Trek'' star
William Shatner ,
Jane's Addiction and
Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist
Dave Navarro , ''
Alien '' star
Sigourney Weaver , an unnamed
Hollywood director, and socialite
Paris Hilton . Richard Branson himself, as well as a select few of his close family members will blast off on the first commercial flight of the VSS Enterprise in 2008. In March 2005, Doug Ramsberg, a native of
Northglenn, Colorado , won a free trip to suborbital space aboard Virgin Galactic, from a
Volvo sweepstakes sponsored by Virgin.
On
April 20 2005 , Virgin Galactic president Will Whitehorn told a U.S.
Congressional Hearing that 100 people had put down $20,000 deposits for their space flights. At the 2005
Oshkosh Airshow , it was stated that Virgin Galactic had received over 4000 applications for the role of spaceship pilot. Approximately 75 pilots will be required to operate the SpaceShipTwo fleet
{Link without Title} .
The first announcements regarding Virgin Galactic flight personnel were made in late March 2006
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- ( Virgin Atlantic training captain, ex- Red Arrows pilot): '''Chief Astronaut Pilot'''
- (Virgin Atlantic training captain, ex-Red Arrows pilot): '''Chief Training Astronaut'''
- (Virgin Atlantic line captain): '''Test pilot'''
Virgin Galactic flight training will last twenty-seven months: pilots will receive nine months of aerobatic, fast jet and executive jet training to prepare them for zero gravity flight. The next nine months will be spent in flying the ''White Knight Two'' mothership and participating in Mission Control work. The final nine months will be spent flying Virgin Galactic spacecraft into space.
From
2008 , Virgin Galactic expects to have around thirty astronaut pilots recruited the various
Virgin Group airlines, trained with
NASA assistance."News Breaks." ''
Aviation Week & Space Technology ''.
April 10 ,
2006 .
On
December 13 2005 , Branson announced that Virgin Galactic would undertake a joint venture with the
New Mexico state government to construct
Southwest Regional Spaceport , a $225 million facility to be located near
Upham, New Mexico . The venture was approved by the state legislature and the funding plans signed into law by governor
Bill Richardson on
March 1 ,
2006 . Virgin Galactic will be the first customer to operate manned spacecraft from this facility.
Virgin are also considering launches from
Scotland and northern
Sweden , the latter being particularly suitable for in-flight views of the
Aurora Borealis .
Virgin Galactic is in negotiations with
Lloyd's Of London for flight insurance. This will cover risks to people and structures on the ground near the launch site. Passengers on suborbital flights are expected to travel at their own risk, at least initially.
Branson has also said that
Cape Canaveral 's
Kennedy Space Center could serve as an ''East Coast spaceport''
{Link without Title} .
Branson also has plans for orbital space tourism and even proposes putting a hotel in space. At the end of a video available on their web site, they put up the question "What's Next?", and show computer-generated shots of a Virgin Galactic craft docked at an orbital space station.
There are numerous other companies actively working on commercial passenger suborbital spaceflight (see:
Private Spaceflight ). Virgin Galactic's most likely competitors include
Rocketplane Kistler and
Space Adventures .
