Vienna Awards

Vienna Awards or '''Vienna Arbitration Awards''' or '''Vienna Arbitral Awards''' or '''Vienna Diktats''' or '''Viennese Arbitrals''' are various names for two arbitral awards ( 1938 and 1940 ) by which arbiters of National Socialist Germany and Fascist Italy sought to enforce peacefully the territorial claims of Revisionist Hungary, ruled by Regent Admiral Miklós Horthy . The awards sanctioned Hungary's annexation of territories in present-day Slovakia , Ukraine and Romania which Hungary had lost by the 1920 Treaty Of Trianon at the end of World War I , and which Hungary had always sought to regain.

These territories were the belongings of Hungary between 986 and 1920.

FIRST VIENNA AWARD

See Also: First Vienna Award

By this award, on November 2 , 1938 , Germany and Italy compelled Czechoslovakia to return southern Slovakia (populated mostly by Hungarians) and '''southern Subcarpathia ''' (now in Ukraine; minor Hungarian population) to Hungary .

SECOND VIENNA AWARD

See Also: Second Vienna Award

By this award, on August 30 , 1940 , Germany and Italy compelled Romania to give/return half of Transylvania (an area henceforth known as "North Transylvania") to Hungary . This decision was taken not so much to do justice, as to win Hungary for German war aims. In reversing a major element of the Treaty Of Trianon , it, like Trianon, granted a multiethnic area (~52% Hungarian, ~48% Romanian or other) to another country, caused massive migration of populations from both sides, and sundered old socioeconomic units.

Besides the Second Vienna Award as such, on September 7 , under the Treaty Of Craiova , the Cadrilater or "Quadrilateral" (southern Dobrudja ) was returned by Romania to Bulgaria . This territory had been part of Bulgaria from 1878 to 1913, at which time it had become part of Romania after Bulgaria's defeat in the Second Balkan War .

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Vienna Awards