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TYPES OF VERTICAL STABILIZERS Conventional tail The tail is configured vertically, and the Horizontal Stabilizer is directly to the empennage. The Lockheed L-188 Electra is a typical exponent of this configuration. T-tail The horizontal stabilizer is mounted at the top of the tail. In this case, the vertical stabilizer must accommodate the controls and motors for pitch and Trim . It is commonly seen on rear-engine aircraft, such as the Boeing 727 . Cruciform Tail Arranged like a cross, the horizontal stabilizer intersects the vertical tail somewhere near the middle. The PBY Catalina uses this configuration. Twin Tail Rather than a single vertical stabilizer, there are two. These are vertically arranged, and intersect or are mounted to the ends of the horizontal stabilizer. The Beechcraft Model 18 uses this configuration. Triple tail A variation on the twin tail, it has three vertical stabilizers. The best example of this configuration is the Lockheed Constellation . On the Constellation it was done to give the airplane maximum vertical stabilizer area, but keep the overall height low enough so that it could fit into maintenance Hangar s. V-tail A V-tail has no distinct vertical or horizontal stabilizers. Rather, they are merged into control surfaces known as Ruddervators which control both pitch and yaw. The arrangement looks like a V, and is also known as a ''butterfly tail''. The Beechcraft Bonanza Model 35 uses this configuration. |