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In Control Theory , a system is unstable if any of the Roots of its S-function has Real Part greater than zero. This is equivalent to any of the Eigenvalues of the State Matrix having real part greater than zero.

In Structural Engineering , a structure can become unstable when excessive load is applied. Beyond a certain threshold, structural Deflection s magnify Stresses , which in turn increases deflections. This is can take the form of Buckling or Crippling . The general field of study is called Structural Stability .


Fluid instabilities


Fluid instabilities occur in Liquids , Gases and Plasmas , and are often characterised by the shape that form; they are studied in Fluid Dynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics . Fluid instabilities include:



Plasma instabilities

Plasma instabilities can be divided into two general groups (1) hydrodynamic instabilities (2) kinetic instabilities.

  • Bennett pinch instability (also called the Z-pinch instability )

  • Beam acoustic instability

  • Bump-in-tail instability

  • Buneman instability (same as Farley-Buneman instability?)

  • Cherenkov instability

  • Chute instability

  • Coalescence instability

  • Collapse instability

  • Counter-streaming instability

  • Cyclotron instabilities, including:

  • Alfven cyclotron instability

  • Electron cyclotron instability

  • Electrostatic ion cyclotron Instability

  • Ion cyclotron instability

  • Magnetoacoustic cyclotron instability

  • Proton cyclotron instability

  • Nonresonant Beam-Type cyclotron instability

  • Relativistic ion cyclotron instability

  • Whistler cyclotron instability

  • Diocotron instability (similar to, but different to the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability ).

  • Disruptive instability (in Tokamak s)

  • Double emission instability

  • Drift wave instability

  • Edge-localised modes {Link without Title}

  • Farley-Buneman instability

  • Fan instability

  • Filamentation instability

  • Firehose instability (also called Hose instability)

  • Flute instability

  • Free electron maser instability

  • Gyrotron instability

  • Helical instability ( Helix instability)

  • Helical kink instability

  • Hose instability (also called Firehose instability)

  • Interchange instability

  • Ion beam instability

  • Kink instability

  • Lower hybrid (drift) instability (in the Critical Ionization Velocity mechanism)

  • Magnetic drift instability

  • Modulation instability

  • Non- Abelian instability

  • Non-linear coalescence instability

  • Oscillating two stream instability, see two stream instability

  • Pair instability

  • Parker instability

  • Peratt Instability (stacked Toroid s)

  • Pinch instability

  • Sausage instability

  • Slow Drift Instability

  • Tearing mode instability

  • Two Stream Instability

  • Weak beam instability

  • Weibel instability

  • Z-pinch instability, also called Bennett pinch instability



External links