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While the Chinese Economic Reform of the 1980s and 1990s sparked much economic growth, it was primarily concentrated in Urban Coastal areas and left much of the interior countryside behind. Among the most notable exceptions to this trend was the dynamic economic growth within villages in which the entire community mobilized to establish a Business . Such villages became known as Township and Village Enterprises.

By 1993, TVEs employed 123 million people. Since 1996, TVEs have declined.


ORGANIZATION

Although TVEs have a name that sounds socialist or vaguely democratic, they are run hierarchically. At top, a government leader, often with a foreign investor, appoint managers and allocate earnings.
''See also'': Provinces Of China (for a discussion of townships and villages).