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Self-organization requires a 'macroscopic' system, consisting of many nonlinearly interacting subsystems. Depending on the external control parameters (environment, energy-fluxes) self-organization takes place.
Essential in Synergetics is the order-parameter concept which was originally introduced in the Ginzburg-Landau Theory in order to describe phase-transitions in thermodynamics. The order parameter concept is generalized by Haken to the "enslaving-principle" saying that the dynamics of fast-relaxing (stable) modes is completely determined by the 'slow' dynamics of as a rule only a few 'order-parameters' (unstable modes). The order parameters can be interpreted as the amplitudes of the unstable modes determining the macroscopic pattern.
As a consequence, self-organization means an enormous reduction of degrees of freedom (entropy) of the system which macroscopically reveals as increase of 'order' (pattern-formation). This far-reaching macroscopic order is independent on the details of the microscopic interactions of the subsystems. This is why Synergetics explains the self-organization of patterns in so many different systems in physics, chemistry, biology and even social systems.

  • Synergetics can also refer to the following:

    • ''Synergetics''' is a book by Buckminster Fuller , referring to the concept of either the Output of a System not foreseen by the simple sum of the output of each system's part or simply, less used, another term for a negative entropy, or Negentropy .



LITERATURE

  • H. Haken: "Synergetics, an Introduction: Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions and Self-Organization in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology", 3rd rev. enl. ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983.

  • H. Haken: Advanced Synergetics: Instability Hierarchies of Self-Organizing Systems and Devices. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

  • H. Haken: ''Synergetik''. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1982, ISBN 3-540-11050

  • R. Graham, A. Wunderlin (Hrsg.): ''Lasers and Synergetics''. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1987, ISBN 3-540-17940-2




SEE ALSO