Subsistence

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Subsistence

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agricultural economics

SHOPPER'S DELIGHT

The following is a list of '' Subsistence Techniques '':

Hunting And Gathering techniques, also known as Foraging :

--- Freeganism — involves gathering of discarded food in the context of an urban environment

--- Gleaning — involves the gathering of food that traditional farmers have left behind in their fields

Cultivation :

--- Horticulture — plant cultivation, based on the use of simple tools.

--- Subsistence Agriculture — Agricultural cultivation involving continuous use of Arable (crop) Land , and is more labor-intensive than horticulture.

Pastoralism , the raising of grazing animals:

--- Pastoral Nomadism — all members of the pastoral society follow the herd throughout the year.

--- Transhumance or Agro-pastoralism — part of the society follows the herd, while the other part maintains a home village.

--- Ranch agriculture — non-nomadic pastoralism with a defined territory

Alternative ends : people devote their time, resources, and energy to five broad categories of ends — subsistence, replacement, social, ceremonial, and rent.

--- Subsistence Fund — work is done to replace Calorie s lost through life activities.

--- Replacement Fund — work is expended maintaining the technology necessary for life.

--- Social Fund — work is expended to establish and maintain social ties.

--- Ceremonial Fund — work is expended to fulfill Ritual obligations.

--- Rent Fund — work is expended to satisfy the obligations owed political or economic superiors.

:

--- Redistribution

--- Reciprocity — exchange between social equals.

--- Potlatching — a widely studied ritual in which sponsors (helped by their entourages) gave away resources and manufactured wealth while generating prestige for themselves.

--- LETS — Local Exchange Trading Systems.

SEE ALSO

List Of Alternative Lifestyles

List Of Things Which Are Neither Production Nor Consumption

Staple Food

Society