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OVERVIEW

Until the late 1960's , soil chemistry focused primarily on chemical reactions in the soil that contribute to Pedogenesis or that affect plant growth. Since then concerns have grown about environmental Pollution , organic and inorganic Soil Contamination and potential Ecological Health and Environmental Health Risks . Consequently, the emphasis in soil chemistry has shifted from strictly Pedology and Agricultural Soil Science to an emphasis on Environmental Soil Science .

A knowledge of Environmental Soil chemistry is paramount to predicting the Fate , Mobility and potential Toxicity of contaminants in the environment. The vast majority of environmental contaminants are initially released to the soil. Once a chemical is exposed to the soil environment a myriad of chemical reactions can occur that may increase/decrease contaminant toxicity. These reactions include Adsorption / Desorption , Precipitation , Polymerization , Dissolution , Complex ation, and Oxidation / Reduction . These reactions are often disregarded by scientists and Engineers involved with environmental Remediation . Understanding these processes enable us to better predict the fate and toxicity of contaminants and provide the knowledge to develop sound and cost-effective remediation strategies.


CONCEPTS




REFERENCES



BIBLIOGRAPHY


  • Alexander, 1977, Soil Microbiology, 2nd Ed., Wiley Interscience

  • Bohn, McNeal, and O'Connor, 1985, Soil Chemistry, 2nd Ed, Wiley Interscience

  • Bolt and Bruggenwert, 1976, Soil Chemistry. A. Basic Elements, Elsevier

  • Cresser, Killham, and Edwards, 1993, Soil Chemistry and its applications, Cambridge

  • Davis and Hayes, 1986, Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces, American Chemical Soc.

  • Dixon and Weed, 1989, Minerals in Soil Environments, Soil Sci. Soc. America

  • Harter, 1986, Adsorption Phenomena, Van Nostrand Reinhold

  • Lindsay, Willard L. 1979, Chemical Equilibria in Soils, Wiley Interscience

  • McBride, Murray M. 1994. Environmental Chemistry of Soils, Oxford

  • Sparks, D.L. 1989, Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes, Academic Press

  • Sparks, D.L. 1999, Soil Physical Chemistry, CRC Press

  • Sparks, D. L. 2003, Environmental Soil Chemistry, Academic Press

  • Sposito, G. 1984, The Surface Chemistry of Soils, Oxford Press

  • Sposito, G., 1989,The Chemistry of Soils, Oxford University Press

  • Tan, Kim H., 1993, Principles of Soil Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker

  • Wild, 1988, Russell's Soil Conditions and Plant Growth, 11th Ed., Longman

  • Wolt, Jeffrey D. 1994, Soil Solution Chemistry: Applications to Environmental Science and Agriculture, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.



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