| Secondary Articulation |
Index for Secondary |
Website Links For Secondary |
Information AboutSecondary Articulation |
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There are a number of secondary articulations. The most frequently encountered are Labialization (such as ), Palatalization (such as the Russian "soft" Consonant ), Velarization (such as the English "dark" L ), and Pharyngealization (such as the Arabic "emphatic" Consonant ). Although the symbol for secondary articulation is a superscript written ''after'' the primary consonant, this is misleading, as they are pronounced simultaneously. Since secondary articulation has a strong effect on surrounding Vowel s, it will often seem that it precedes the consonant, or both precedes and follows it. For this reason, the IPA symbols for labialization and palatalization were for a time placed directly ''under'' the consonant (as and ), and there is still an alternate symbol for velarization or pharyngealizaton that is superposed ''across'' the consonant (as in for dark L). |