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Power is defined as the rate of flow of energy past a given point. In Alternating Current circuits, energy storage elements such as Inductance and Capacitance may result in periodic reversals of the direction of energy flow. The portion of power flow that, averaged over a complete cycle of the AC waveform, results in net transfer of energy in one direction is known as real power. On the other hand, the portion of power flow due to stored energy, which returns to the source in each cycle, is known as reactive power. Mostly this article will concentrate on single-frequency systems. Unfortunately, unlike voltage and current, power cannot be calculated by superposition of components at different frequencies because its calculation involves the square of voltage or current. REAL, REACTIVE, AND APPARENT POWER Engineers use three types of power to describe energy flow in a system:
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